Geologic Time Scale
The geologic time scale is an aging system used, including geology , to date the events occurred during the history of Earth. The first geological time scales are rooted in the eighteenth century but are a form of precise dating with Arthur Holmes , in 1930. It publishes a first ladder in 1937 and is today recognized as the father of the geologic time scale.
Benefiting from the intersection of several disciplines, including those related techniques dating , the science of chronostratigraphy keeps growing, and the scales should be periodically updated, with ages given with numerical accuracy.
Every four years, the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) is organizing the International Geological Congress, whose 34th edition will take place from 2 to 10 August 2012 Synoptic Scale linear geological time Glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere; Mammals marsupials , Large primitive trees, fossilization important organic matter ... 
NB: Each end portion of a scale is developed in the following scale. Geologic time scale
Eon St Period or
System Time or
Series Floor Terminals Major Events Fossils specific My ,
C
Quaternary Holocene Atlantic 0.011784 * - Agriculture and settlement Pleistocene Tarantien 0.126 * -
extinct mammals giants;
evolution of modern man Homo sapiens
H. Neander- thalensis
H. antecessor
H. erectus Ionian 0.781 ** - Calabrian 1.806 * - Gelasian 2.588 * - H. ergaster
H. habilis N
O
Z
O
Q
U
E
Tertiary Neogene Pliocene Plaisancian 3.600 * - Abel , Lucy Zanclen 5.332 * - Miocene Messinian 7.246 * - Separation of the human lineage and the chimpanzee lineage Toumai , Orrorin Tortonian 11.608 * - Serravallian 13.82 * - Langhian 15,97 - Burdigalian 20,43 - Aquitanian 23.03 * - Paleogene Oligocene Chattian 28,4 0,1 Rupelian 33.9 * 0,1 Eocene Priabonian 37,2 0,1 Many new species of small mammals ( ctartiodactyles , rodents ...). Bartonian 40,4 0,2 Lutetian 48,6 0,2 Ypresian 55.8 * 0,2 Paleocene Thanetian 58.7 * 0,2 First Perissodactyla , glir , primates ... Selandian 61.1 * 0,2 Danian 65.5 * 0,3 Cretaceous Higher Maastrichtian 70.6 * 0,6 Isolation of Euramerica ;
extinction of the dinosaurs ;
first mammals placentals. Ammonites Campanian 83,5 0,7 Santonian 85,8 0,7 Coniacian 89,3 1,0 Turonian 93.6 * 0,8 Cenomanian 99.6 * 0,9 Lower Albian 112,0 1,0 Isolation of Africa Aptian 125,0 1,0 Barremian 130,0 1,5 Hauterivian 133,9 2,0 Valanginian 140,2 3,0 Berriasian 145,5 4,0 Jurassic Higher
Malm Tithonian 150,8 4,0
early birds ;
first flowering plants. Kimmeridgian 155.6 ** 4,0 Oxonian 161,2 4,0 Middle
Dogger Callovian 164,7 4,0 Bathonian 167.7 * 3,5 Bajocian 171.6 * 3,0 Aalenian 175.6 * 2,0 Lower
Lias Toarcian 183,0 1,5 Division of Pangea Pliensbachian 189.6 * 1,5 Sinemurian 196.5 * 1,0 Hettangian 199.6 ** 0,6 Trias Higher Rhaetian 203,6 1,5 First dinosaurs ,
mammalian oviparous ;
calcareous algae in the seas. Ceratitis Norian 216,5 2,0 Carnian 228.7 * 2,0 Middle Ladinian 237.0 * 2,0 Anisian 245.0 ** 1,5 Lower Olenekian 249.7 ** 0,7 Indusien 251.0 * 0,4 Permian Loping'ien Changxing'ien 253.8 * 0,7 Permian mass extinction
(90% of marine species, 70% of vertebrates) Wuchiaping'ien 260.4 * 0,7 Guadalupe Capitanian 265.8 * 0,7 Wordian 268.0 * 0,7 Roadien 270.6 * 0,7 Cisuralien Kungurian 275.6 ** 0,7 Artinskian 284.4 ** 0,7 Sakmarian 294.6 ** 0,8 Asselian 299.0 * 0,8 Carboniferous Pennsylvanian
cf. Silesian Gzhelian (Stephanian) 303,4 0,9 Insects giant;
first Sauropsida ( reptiles ); Kazimovien 307,2 1,0 Moscovian 311,7 1,1 Bashkirian 318.1 * 1,3 Mississippian
cf. Dinantian Serpukhovian 328,3 1,6 Visean 345.3 * 2,1 Tournaisian 359.2 * 2,5 Devonian Higher Famennian 374.5 * 2,6 Crisis of marine fauna;
first terrestrial vertebrates ;
early seed plants ; first trees. Archaeopteris Frasnian 385.3 * 2,6 Middle Givetian 391.8 * 2,7 Woody : horsetails , ferns ... Eifelian 397.5 * 2,7 Lower Emsian 407.0 * 2,8 Pragian 411.2 * 2,8 Lochkovian 416.0 * 2,8 Silurian Pridolian Pridolian 418.7 * 2,7 "Out of the waters":
first land plants ,
arthropods on land. Eurypterid
Cooksonia Ludlow Ludfordian 421.3 * 2,6 Gorstien 422.9 * 2,5 Wenlock Homerian 426.2 * 2,4 Sheinwoodian 428.2 * 2,3 Llandovery Telychian 436.0 * 1,9 Aeronian 439.0 * 1,8 Rhuddanian 443.7 * 1,5 Ordovician Higher Hirnantian 445.6 * 1,5 Predominance of invertebrates Graptolite Katian 455.8 * 1,6 Sandbien 460.9 * 1,6 Middle Darriwilian 468.1 * 1,6 Dapingien 471.8 * 1,6 Lower Floian 478.6 * 1,7 Tremadoc 488.3 * 1,7 Cambrian Furongien Floor 10 492,0 - "Cambrian Explosion":
Burgess Shale ,
first chordates Trilobites , conodonts Level 9 496,0 - Paibien 499.0 * 2,0 Series 3 Guzhangien 503.0 * - Drumien 506.5 * - Floor 5 510,0 2 Series 2 Floor 4 517,0 - Floor 3 521,0 - Newfoundlander Floor 2 528,0 - Trichophycus pedum Fortunien 542.0 * 1,0 Late Precambrian 635 * - Organizations archaic classification uncertain;
metazoan bilaterian the Ediacaran fauna NEW Ediacaran Cryogenian Varangian 650 - Varanger glaciation Sturtian 850 * - Utive Branch 1000 * - Formation of the continent Rodinia MESO Stnien 1200 * - Eukaryotic multicellular Acritarchs
( Pyramimonadales ) Ectasien 1400 * - Calymnien 1600 * - PALEO Stathrien 1800 * - Emergence of the continent Columbia Stromatolites Orosirien 2050 * - First eukaryotes ;
atmosphere rich in oxygen O 2;
Great Oxidation ; red beds ;
Huronian glaciation Rhyacien 2300 * - Sidrien 2500 * - Neoarchean 2800 - Bacteria , archaea ; photosynthesis ( cyanobacteria );
disappearance of methane CH 4;
banded iron deposits Mesoarchean 3200 - Paleoarchean 3600 - OARCHEN 4000 - 4600 - Formation of oceans by condensation of water from the a href = "% C3% Atmosph A8re_ (Earth)" title = "Atmosphere (Earth)" class = "mw-redirect"> atmosphere composed of N 2 from CO 2 and CH 4 , cooling the Earth ; solidification of the crust ;
Late Heavy Bombardment. References
See also
Related articles
External Links
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