General Salan
 Raoul Salan | |
Raoul Salan waving to the crowd when he left Algeria after his transfer in France in December 1958. | |
| Nickname | The Chinese or Mandarin |
|---|---|
| Birth | 18 June 1899 Roquecourbe , France |
| Deaths | 3 July 1984 Paris , France |
| Origin |  France |
| Allegiance | France French Algeria (1961) |
| Weapon | Army |
| Grade | Army General |
| Years of Service | 1917 - 1959 |
| Conflicts | WWI WWII Indochina War War in Algeria |
| Command | 6th regiment of Senegalese riflemen 14th Infantry Division CEFEO 10th Military Region OAS |
| Feats | Coup generals |
| Honors | Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor Military Medal Croix de guerre 1914-1918 Croix de guerre 1939-1945 Croix de Guerre for TOE Cross of Military Valor Commemorative medal of the Great War Distinguished Service Cross (USA) Order of the British Empire |
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Raoul Salan, born June 10 1899 at Roquecourbe ( Tarn ), died on 3 July 1984 in Paris , is a general French. His state service door 1917 to 1959 where he retired. He participates in the Committee of Public hello Algiers in 1958 and then to generals' putsch in 1961. It is also the head of the Secret Army Organization (OAS) who struggles to maintain the status quo of French Algeria. He was sentenced to life in prison, then pardoned and rehabilitated in 1968.
Summary
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Biography
Family
Its Lucienne Salan wife and two children, Victor born February 23, 1932 and Dominica. This last was born on 15 March 1946 in Hanoi , she returned to France accompanied by Rene Chazeau friends with Ms. Lucienne Salan in September 1946 on the ship " Marshal Joffre. "
According to his daughter, models of General Salan are General Charles Mangin and Marshal Joseph Gallieni First World War (1917-1918) He is committed for the duration of the war 2 August 1917, was admitted to Special Military School of Saint-Cyr August 21, 1917 in promoting Lafayette. He graduated aspiring July 25, 1918, was assigned to 5th Infantry Regiment (RIC) in Lyons August 14, 1918. Section chief at the 11 th Company, he participated in the fighting in the region of Verdun ( Saint-Mihiel , The parges , Fort Wood Testy , Cote de l'Oie , Cumires-the-Dead-Man ). It is cited in the order of the brigade by the order dated December 29, 1918. He was assigned to the Army of Occupation in Germany until May 1919, then returned to the Special Military School of Saint-Cyr May 7, 1919. He was appointed lieutenant outright September 21, 1919 and assigned to Colonial Infantry Regiment of Morocco (current Infantry Regiment Tank Navy) at Landau , Germany, December 3, 1919. At his request, he was sent to the Levant in the 17 th Regiment of Fusiliers Senegal (RTS) as a shift boss at Radjou in Syria on the border with Turkey. He was promoted Lieutenant September 11, 1921, severely wounded in battle of Accham October 24, 1921. It is cited again, the order of the army and appointed Chevalier de la Legion d'honneur , it is decorated on his hospital bed, in Aleppo , by General Gouraud , High Commissioner to the Levant. It is the subject of a repatriation January 25, 1922, was treated at the Hospital Sainte-Anne in Toulon, then at Val de Grace in Paris, was assigned during his convalescence at the 23 th ICN in Paris and designated his request for the Indochina January 2, 1924. He was assigned to 3rd Tonkinese Rifle Regiment as deputy police chief Nguyen-Binh ( Tonkin ) he joined April 15, 1924. Seconded senior December 14, 1924 he was delegated administration of the Government Commissioner Chief of the Province of Upper Mekong in Muong Sing , the borders of China , from Burma and Siam , from April 15, 1925 to May 26 1928. After returning home July 6, 1928 August 2, 1929, it shall, in senior positions, the Acting Commissioner of the Government, Lapeyronie for the province of Upper Mekong, Hui Sai. He was promoted to captain March 25, 1930 and returns to Muong Sing in March 1931, wrote a "Handbook of reading the language" Lu "and" Youne "with corresponding translation in Lao language. " He left for Indochina mainland April 28, 1933. He assumed command of Company technical tests on 1 December 1933 and served with this unit to switching to Larzac in spring 1934, then returned to Indochina October 6, 1934, where he took command as captain of the 6 e company's 19 th Infantry Regiment Mixed Colonial while assuming the duties of Administrative Officer -Dinh Lap Tonkin. With his son Victor , aged five years, he returned April 8, 1937 in France, aboard the Chenonceaux, where he met his future wife, Lucienne Bouguin.Il was seconded to the Colonial Office on 1 September 1937, as deputy chief of the 2nd office ( intelligence ), was promoted to the rank of battalion chief March 22, 1938, became Chief of Intelligence Intercolonial and is in daily contact with Georges Mandel , Minister of the Colonies from ' April 1938. It leads to the fall of 1939, after the declaration of war from France to Germany, a secret mission in Cairo and Khartoum -support Resistance Abyssinian against the occupation of Ethiopian troops in Italy. He returned to Paris November 19, 1939. In January 1940 he led a battalion of the 44th Infantry Regiment Mixed Colonial Senegal. On June 5, 1940, Salan was with his battalion in the front line on the Somme when the Germans launched their offensive after the encirclement and defeat of the French and British forces in the pocket at Dunkirk. He retreated to order with the remnants of his battalion engaged in delaying action on the Seine and the Loire It is mentioned twice in the order of the regiment by order of 12 and 13 July 1940, then out to the army and promoted to officer of Legion of Honor August 21, 1940. He was subsequently seconded to the General Staff of the Colonies, the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Vichy , 16 July 1940. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel June 25, 1941 It is designated to serve in French West Africa (AOF) September 24, 1941. He joined Dakar March 8, 1942 after having knowledge of the city of Algiers, is assigned as chief of the 2nd office (information) to the staff of General Barrau, senior commander in the AOF. In his company, he toured Senegal, French Sudan and Guinea. He writes with his team and the 3 rd office a "Statement on the conduct of war on the backs of the enemy" circulated to the level of the company. He was promoted to colonel June 25, 1943 It is designated to continue its services in North Africa and arrived in Algiers, 31 August 1943 where he was assigned to 2nd Office Staff of the Army, in charge of psychological operations and management Newspaper Fighter 43, one of whose employees is the painter Andr Hamburg. Ousted from his post by Andr Le Barter , Commissioner for War and Air, for refusing to publish the proceedings of a conference of it involving the honor of Army Staff from 1939 - 1940, he was placed at the disposal of the 9th Colonial Infantry Division (CID) under the command of General Magnan May 4, 1944. He took command of the 6th Regiment of Fusiliers Senegal (RTS), Corsica, May 30, 1944. He met for the first time at Bastia, June 16, 1944, the General de Lattre de Tassigny, who asked to see the 6th RTS and Colonel He participated in landings in Provence at the head of his regiment with which he landed 19 August 1944 in the morning on the beach of La Nartelle Var. He reached Toulon August 26, 1944, after six days of intense fighting on the axis Sollies-Pont , La Farlde , Valletta and Toulon. The 6th RTS regrets 587 killed, wounded and missing. A citation to the order of the army renders homage to these actions He left Toulon on September 9 with his regiment reconstituted by incorporating elements of the French Forces of the Interior (FFI), which "whiten" the regiment gradually. By memorandum of October 13, 1944, the 6th RTS becomes 6th Colonial Infantry Regiment (RIC) On 14 November 1944, the 6th ICN dismantle the German resistance in the pocket of the Doubs. On 23 November the regiment was Blotzheim , south of Upper Rhine, while the Germans held a strong bridgehead on the French bank of the Rhine and thereafter, it releases Village-Neuf , Huningue , Loechle and 'hydro-electric Kembs. It is called the command of the infantry of the 9th DIC. Raoul Salan was promoted to brigadier general Dec. 25, 1944. He is 45 years. It helps reduce the Colmar Pocket in late January and early February 1945. It was mentioned in dispatches and promoted to Army Commander of the Legion of Honour. On 20 February 1945, he took command of the 14th Infantry Division , the former division of General de Lattre reconstituted from units from the FFI and FTP ( Francs shooters and supporters ), the Alsace- Lorraine orders of Andre Malraux. He ended the war on the European front near Donaueschingen in the Black Forest It is mentioned twice in the order of the Army, on 29 April and 2 December 1945 for his work as head of the 6th ICN and head of the infantry of the 9th DIC. October 1945: Back in Indochina as Commander of French forces from China and northern Indochina. January 1946: participate in negotiations concerning the withdrawal of Chinese troops from Tonkin February 1946: because knowledge of Ho Chi Minh April-May 1946: Participates in negotiations with Ho Chi Minh Lt July-September 1946: Ho Chi Minh accompanies the negotiations at Fontainebleau. May 1947: French troops to control the north of Viet Nam. 1 September 1947: Major General February-April 1948: the acting general Valluy replaced by General Blaizot as commander in Indochina December 6, 1950 to January 5, 1952: Military Assistant to the General de Lattre de Tassigny, High Commissioner in Indochina 1 September 1951: General Corps January 11, 1952: Death of General de Lattre. January 6, 1952-May 8, 1953: Salan is commander in Indochina June-October 1954: Deputy Military Ely High Commissioner Indochine1954. September 20: disagree with General Ely he asked and obtained his recall to France. October 9: he left Indochina. He was replaced by General Pierre-Elie Jacquot. After an interlude in Paris from 1954 to 1955, General Salan was assigned to Algiers on 1 December 1956 where he has been appointed on 12 November 1956 , senior commander of the Joint 10th military region (Algeria) to replace General Henry Lorillot. On 16 January 1957 , a bazooka attack is committed against Raoul Salan by AFRO , it kills the commander Rodier. The authors of the attack were against terrorist-Philippe Michel Fchoz Castilla. Sponsor, Rene Kovacs , a militant Algerian doctor for French Algeria , wanted to replace Salan by General Ren Cogny ( Battle of Dien Bien Phu ), the former being perceived as "bradeur of Indochina, and therefore the 'Algeria, as well as Pierre Mendes-France. Castile put into question the prominent figures, Senator Gaullist deputies Michel Debre and Jacques Soustelle and the member Pascal Arrighi ( RRRS ), but without providing evidence. The investigation will never succeed. The story reported that Michel Debre, in tears, went to plead with the Minister of Justice Franois Mitterrand, a cover-up, which was done! During the crisis of May 1958 , he has the civil and military powers in Algeria. His rallying to General de Gaulle is decisive in the return to power of the latter on 1 June On 11 December 1958, Delouvrier is appointed Managing Director, and December 12, 1958, General Maurice Challe succeeds General Salan, commander in chief as having been delegated powers of government. Salan, was appointed Inspector General of National Defence, an honorary post. A supporter of French Algeria, Salan directs the OAS after the failed putsch of the generals in 1961. He was arrested in Algiers on Friday 20 April 1962 after a year of hiding and 23 May 1962 , after having claimed his responsibilities as head of the OAS, was sentenced by the High Military Court and sentenced to criminal detention for life verdict that the head of state - hoping that Salan was shot - considered too lenient, resulting in the dissolution of the court by General de Gaulle on 27 May 1962 , while the general Jouhaud was sentenced to death by the same court April 13 last year. On 8 December 1962 , is transferred along with the general prison Jouhaud Tulle where prisoners are general and senior officers involved in the fight for French Algeria. On 15 June 1968 , the last occupant of the prison Tulle , released by presidential pardon following the events of May 1968. On 25 April 1961 , during the coup in Algiers, General Salan sent a radio announcement to raise eight classes of Algerians and rebuild Territorial Units (TU) dissolved after the " Week of the Barricades "in January 1960. On 11 September 1961 , General Salan, who has meanwhile become the head of the OAS, sent a letter restating its request to Parliament in April. Aware that the party on the ground, was played, refusing to flee to Portugal , as we advised him, Salan says that he left Algeria Algeria would Europeans to a blow from which they never recovered. He had one last card to play, to reverse the balance of forces, an alliance with the rival and enemy of the FLN, which is to say, the Algerian National Movement (ANM), led by Hajj Messali. The OAS will maintain the authority of the French . The Messale want independence under certain conditions, dictated by them, but recognize the opportunity for Europeans to stay on the territory and participate in the development of the Algerian economy, but what is important is that both fronts are concerned the FLN for its intransigence. Messali Hajj refuses any contact with the party he calls "fascist organization." So discouraged Salan address a letter to a dissident group of Messala, the FAAD (Algerian Front for Democratic Action). On Friday, April 20 Salan down from his apartment on the fifth floor and went to his office which is on the ground floor of the building, that is to say, at 25 rue Desfontaines where he had an appointment with Jacques Achard , aka Alpha, head of the OAS-Marine sector Orleans, itself responsible for meeting the FAAD. A black Peugeot back Boulevard Saint-Saens, turn to the street and stops Desfontaines. The bodyguards of Salan expect in a 403 gray in the same street, saw a vehicle in the rearview mirror, but believe it is the Delta commandos. The area is surrounded, Jean-Marie Lavanceau (undercover agent) knocks on the door of the office. Salan, Jean Ferrandi and a third person is inside. Lavanceau wonder where are the restrooms and at the same time someone rings. Ferrandi observed through the peephole, and shouted "We are facts." Salan was trapped, and before his bodyguards could react, stationed outside the building, the police quickly take position out of armored vehicles. The head of the OAS is indeed fallen into a trap. An hour later, Algiers learns a statement of the general delegation that Salan was arrested during a routine search of banal and clandestine radio. We now know that the secret services, for over a year, carefully prepared work approach and infiltrated the highest level of the OAS, as agents Lavanceau (thirteen attempts to arrest him were unsuccessful ago). The Algiers refused to believe in this new, little by little shops in town close, Radio Pirate OAS will confirm shortly after the news saying: "Salan remains the soul and spirit of the French resistance. The struggle continues. " Partisan theory, Carl Schmitt , publisher Flammarion, 1999 Between the two world wars (1919-1939)
World War II (1939-1945)
Indochina War (1945-1954)
War of Algeria (1956-1958)
The attack at bazooka (1957)
On 13 May (1958)
Coup generals and OAS (1961-1962)
Amendment Salan
The arrest of Salan
End of life
Decorations
Names of French decorations
Names of foreign decorations
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