Gaza
| Gaza | ||
|---|---|---|
| Administration | ||
| Country |  Palestine | |
| Geography | ||
| Contact | 31 31 '00 "North 34 27 '00 "East / 31.516667, 34.45 | |
| Altitude | 0 m | |
| Demography | ||
| Population | 409 680 inhab. ( 2006 ) | |
| Location | ||
| ||
Gaza City (sometimes called English to distinguish it from the Gaza Strip which designates the region as a whole) is the main town in the Gaza Strip. After being placed under the civil and military control of the Palestinian Authority since the implementation of agreements in Jericho and Gaza in 1994 with Israel , it has since June 2007 the largest city under the control of Hamas.
Gaza City has 400 000 inhabitants while the total population of the Gaza Strip over 1.5 million people, about one third live in camps for Palestinian refugees . Its inhabitants are called "Gaza".
A peculiarity is that about 60% of the population of the city would consist of persons aged under 18 years .
Summary |
The center has a number of important monuments. Al Omari mosque, the former Cathedral of St. John the Baptist of the Crusader, kept its characteristic Gothic architecture. The City Museum occupies a citadel of Mamluk era magnificently restored in the early 2000s. Gaza also has a Turkish bath dating from the Ottoman era, recently restored. We finally found the church of St. Porphyry, built in the fourth century, the center of the Orthodox community of the city, whose current status is the result of a restoration company at the time of the Crusades. The center still has old family houses in local stone, also from the Ottoman era .
The maze of streets and alleys was often the scene of clashes between the Israeli army and Palestinian militants , Israeli withdrawal to the region.
Opened in May 1994 , the Gaza beach, once banned, is one of the few leisure purposes.
History
Antiquity
The first reference to the city of Gaza back to the reign of Thutmose III. The city is also mentioned in the Amarna letters. His main interest lies in its strategic position on the coastal road between the Egypt and Syria. It was then an important commercial center and an outpost in Egypt.
In the year -1190 , the Philistines , one of the peoples of the sea from Crete settled on the southern coast of Canaan (Gaza Jaffa ), after attacking Egypt. The Philistines leave their name much later to the entire territory, that the Romans would call " Palestine ".
The Philistine city was a walled city about 80 acres, built on a hill about 45 m above sea level, about 2.4 km from the Mediterranean Sea.
Gaza is also mentioned in the Bible as one of the major cities of the Philistines at war against Israel in particular is where Samson is taken (see Judges 16) and died there in tearing down a Philistine temple.
In -525 , the city was conquered by Cambyses , great king of the Achaemenid Persian empire, to serve as a bridgehead to all its campaigns to Egypt.
In -145 , Gaza was conquered by Jonathan Maccabeus , brother of Judah Maccabee and founder of the dynasty of Judean Hasmoneans.
Middle Ages
Around 630 , the Arabs besieged the Jewish population of the city and take Gaza. Considered the city would be dead the great-grandfather of Muhammad , it became an important Islamic center.
Gaza was conquered by the Crusaders in the twelfth century and then in August 1187 , following the Battle of Hattin , the city came under the grip of Saladin (Salah ad-Din). His dynasty Ayyubid is reversed by the Mamluks in 1254.
Modern times
The Ottomans put an end to the reign of the Mamluks in the sixteenth century. Gaza City and the entire region is administered by the Ottoman province of Egypt.
During the First World War , the forces of the United Kingdom , led by General Sir Edmund Allenby , captured Gaza from the hands of the Ottoman Empire , on 7 November 1917 , after the battle of Gaza. She will remain under the British mandate until military withdrawal in 1947.
From 1948 to 1967, Gaza was occupied by Egypt. The Israelis occupied it in 1956 for a few months and then again following the Six Day War.
- Between 1976 and 1981 , a new movement, Hamas , in Gaza creates institutions like al-Mujamma al-Islami, al-Islamiyya and al-Jam'iyya the Islamic University of Gaza.
In 1987 , it is in Gaza that began the first Intifada , the "revolt of the stones, before spreading to all the territories occupied until 1993 with the opening of Israeli-Palestinian negotiations leading to agreements Oslo.
On 4 May 1994 , the PLO obtains the management of Gaza and Jericho. President Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Authority moved to Gaza. The waterfront s'hrisse towers and luxury hotels, while the refugee camps, located on the coast north of the city, remain unsafe.
Last Decade
- 26 September 2001 , Gaza, historic meeting between Yasser Arafat and Shimon Peres after three successive postponements.
- October 17, 2001 : following an ultimatum issued by the Israeli government to the Palestinian Authority, it says outlaw the military wing of the PFLP and proceed to 12 arrests in Gaza.
- December 7, 2001 : In the night, the headquarters of the Palestinian police was bombed by Israeli helicopter gunships. Then after the suicide attack against an Israeli bus with 11 people dead and 30 wounded, the IDF intensified from 12 to 15, its bombing against the Palestinian infrastructure in Gaza and the West Bank , killing 13 Palestinians.
- 8 March 2002 : during battle, 46 Palestinians and six Israelis were killed. Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon is willing to "negotiate a cease-fire under fire, abandoning its demand for a week of calm before resuming talks. 11 and March 12, following the attacks of 9 March, the IDF response to the destruction of the offices of Yasser Arafat in Gaza: 39 Palestinians were killed.
- 8 June 2003 : Following an attack by Hamas in Jerusalem (23 Israelis killed and 130 injured), the IDF carried out an immediate retaliatory raid on Gaza: seven Palestinians killed, including a Hamas leader. The 10, new IDF reprisal raid in Gaza: Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi , Hamas' No. 2, was slightly injured and three Palestinians were killed.
- 21 August 2003 : Israel responds to the attack of 19 August by a helicopter raid on Gaza, killing one of the founders of Hamas, Ismail Abu chamahi, and the restoration of the dam road bisecting the Gaza Strip.
- Saturday, September 6, 2003 : The IDF bombed a building in Gaza which was Sheikh Ahmed Yassin , spiritual leader of Hamas, who was slightly injured.
- January 28, 2004 : During an operation the Israeli army, 13 Palestinians were killed in violent clashes.
- 22 March 2004 : Sheikh Ahmed Yassin , blind quadriplegic, was murdered in a targeted attack by Israeli missiles from Apache helicopters, preceded by F16 for sound coverage.
- Wednesday, August 17, 2005 : Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister decides on unilateral withdrawal from Gaza by the State of Israel as part of a broader policy which, in the absence of a peace agreement, aimed at put an end to the absence of physical borders between Israel and the future Palestinian state.
- June 2007 : The Hamas took power in Gaza after several months of intermittent fighting with Fatah. Each side had earlier maneuvers to eliminate the other, Hamas emerged victorious.
- August 2007 : total blackout in Gaza. The European Union blocked for a few days the funds to pay for deliveries of fuel oil. Alix de Mauny, spokeswoman for the European Commission in Jerusalem , said: "The European Union has not settled the payment
- 26 June 2008 : The Martyrs Brigades Al-Aqsa fire a homemade rocket against southern Israel.
- July 2008 to October 2008 : official statistics of the Israeli Foreign Ministry show that during the months of truce from July to October 2008, the Palestinians have decreased but never stopped firing on civilians in southern Israel . Despite the cease-fire six months of 19 June 2008 , there were at the end of October 2008 that more than 37 rockets and mortars were fired at Israel.
- 4 November 2008 : the "truce" is seriously infringed November 4, 2008: "The truce of four months between Israel and Palestinian militants in Gaza has weakened today after Israeli troops killed six Hamas gunmen during a raid on the territory. . The firing of mortars and rockets from Gaza into Israel are becoming daily.
- 26 December 2008 : in particular, 26 December 2008, more than 80 rockets were fired on the inhabitants of towns in southern Israel .
- 27 December 2008 : from December 27, 2008, in response to rocket attacks, Israel bombed a massive pillars of the city killing more than 1,300 Palestinians, including Hamas by two-thirds are women and children, of Israel only after the third count of the dead were women or children (aged under 16 years). A survey by the Council for Human Rights UN produced the Goldstone report that accuses Israel of committing "acts amounting to war crimes and perhaps in some circumstances, crimes against humanity "and Hamas" have committed war crimes that may constitute crimes against humanity. "
- 18 January 2009 : Israeli Prime Minister announced a cease-fire in the Gaza Strip and Israel begins to return to Israeli-Palestinian borders.
- 31 May 2010 : The Israeli naval commandos in international waters and the boarding of a Marine convoy carrying humanitarian aid to several hundred pro-Palestinian activists and tons of aid towards the Gaza Strip. Clashes took place on the deck Mavi Marmara (Marmara Turkish Blue) killing 9 among pro-Palestinian activists including 8 Turkish citizens and a Turkish-American citizen aged 19 (the youngest of the militant Flotilla Liberty, a name given to the Marine convoy) and twenty wounded, and wounded on the Israeli side .
- 5 June 2010 : The Israeli naval commandos in the boarding of international waters, 21 nautical miles north-west of Ashdod, the Irish aid ship " MV Rachel Corrie ( Rachel Corrie is the name of a militant pro-Palestinian American killed by an Israeli bulldozer in Gaza in 2003). There was no resistance from the 8 crew members or 11 passengers, among them the Nobel Prize for Peace 1976, the Northern Irish Mairead Maguire (66 years) and member Malaysian Mohd Nizam Zakaria.
- July 2010: Inauguration of the first shopping center since the Gaza takeover by Hamas , .
Historic Personalities
- Sylvain Gaza : Catholic and Orthodox saint, bishop of Gaza, who was beheaded in 311.
- Procopius of Gaza : Christian sophist and exegete of the late fifth century.
- Dorothe de Gaza : Catholic and Orthodox saint, monk.
- Barsanuphius Gaza : Catholic and Orthodox saint, monk (sixth century).
- Nathan of Gaza (in) : Jewish theologian, born in Jerusalem (1643-1680), who is known for being the prophet of the supposed messiah Sabbatai Zevi
Proverbs, anecdote
Arabic References External Links
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