Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism means strict attachment to the principles of the original doctrine , usually religious It continues to be employed in this context, but has come in France to designate the most the radical Islamists in this country who occupy more space in the debates that Protestantism radicals . The word fundamentalism and fundamentalism, chosen by Catholic radicals like the movement of the Society of Saint Pius X to describe themselves, their principle is applied, it also applies to Islamic radicals in alternation with fundamentalism.

Born in a specific context, fundamentalism, just as fundamentalism or millenarianism in sociology, came to designate a general phenomenon, as distinct from conservatism and fanaticism. It can lead to exclusivism behavior, isolation, or even antagonistic or defensive conqueror who disagrees with this approach completely, that is to say both vis--vis non-fundamentalist coreligionists members of other faiths, agnostics or atheists. It affects, to varying degrees, all major religions. The so-called religions Abrahamic are most affected because of their interpretation of the diversity of religious opinions, which tend to distinguish an opinion "absolutely true" other, "absolutely wrong". Instead, the Indian religions ( Hinduism , Buddhism ) interpret the diversity of religious views in terms of differences of perspective or level of understanding, rather than in terms of truth and error. Hinduism is more a cultural gathering different substrate currents and practices that an Abrahamic religion under. The tradition is based on a mythology which, in itself, has no social rule to be imposed. It is accepted that two Hindus can legitimately have different religious views, as the saying goes: "In Hinduism, everything and everything its opposite." Nevertheless, driven by ethnic or nationalist sentiment, some Hindu groups have adopted in the late ^twentieth century fundamentalist positions rejecting practices or concepts considered religions from "Alien" (Islam, Christianity).

Whatever their faith, fundamentalists have in common resist the replacement of the sacred by secularism and rationalism, pluralism and relativism and religious and ideological liberalization of morals phenomena sometimes grouped under the term modernity. This rejection is accompanied by that of the Western world that modernity meant to convey, in the case of the fundamentalists who do not come.

The United States or Canada , the word has not exactly the same connotation as in France.

The term fundamentalism has begun to spread to the United States in the aftermath of the First World War, but the movement he refers to it previously. There is agreement to turn it up a series of symposia held in Niagara on the Lake ( one thousand eight hundred seventy-eight - 1 895 ) which met a number of evangelical church leaders trying to protect themselves

• on their left, the radical critique initiated by the Protestant German , especially in its component liberal
• on their right, the Catholic Church of Rome, just say the papal infallibility in the Dogmatic Constitution Pastor Aeternus , in 1870.

In 1895, they defined their opposition to higher criticism in biblical statement that 14 points can be found in Ernst R. Sandeen "The roots of fundamentalism." Due to an error the first historian of fundamentalism G. Stewart Cole was often confused with the declaration of 1895 the five points of fundamentalism defined them by the Northern Presbyterian Church in 1910. Moreover, these "five points were changed some years later by opponents of the fundamentalists taking to enhance the character millenarian of many tenants of fundamentalism which usually received this list of "fundamentals":

1. the divinity of Christ ;
2. His virgin birth;
3. the doctrine of atonement vicar;
4. the bodily resurrection at the second coming of Christ;
5. the authority and inerrancy of the word Bible.

It was not until after World War II that the Protestant churches to give themselves the name "fundamentalist" even though in 1919 William Bill Riley founded an association whose name evokes the "Fundamentals" (The Christian Fundamentals Association), but this is not a church, only interdenominational group. The authorship of the word, first used as a noun, has been established from an article published in July 1920 under the pen of Curtis Lee Laws , editor of a magazine conservative Baptist, The Watchman-Examiner.

See article on, according to the American sense, the Christian fundamentalists ( in ) (meaning related to religion in the U.S. ).

Catholicism

In terms of Catholicism , we speak rather of fundamentalism or fundamentalist.

Islam

Judaism

Typology

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences has launched some ten years in a project "The Fundamentalism Project" which was attended by researchers worldwide.

8000 pages were published in the University Press of Chicago , in 5 volumes. The last chapter of the first volume is a first list of "family resemblances" common to the various fundamentalisms.

References

See also

• Resisting and Challenging Religious Fundamentalisms strategic initiative AWID

• Portal religions and beliefs

Leave a Reply