Francois Mauriac
| Francois Mauriac | |
 | |
Francois Mauriac in 1932 | |
| Birth name | Charles Francois Mauriac |
|---|---|
| Activity (s) | novelist , playwright , critic , journalist , poet |
| Birth | 11 October 1885 Bordeaux ,  France |
| Deaths | 1September 1970 (84 years) Paris , France |
| Writing language | French |
| Honors | Grand Prize novel by the French Academy 1926 Nobel Prize in Literature 1952 |
| Major works | |
Francois Mauriac, born 11 October 1885 in Bordeaux and died on 1September 1970 in Paris , is a French writer.
He was awarded the Grand Prize novel by the French Academy in 1926, a member of the French Academy since 1933, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1952. He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor in 1958.
Summary |
Fatherless at the age of two and a half years, Francois Mauriac was educated at the Marianist institution Sainte-Marie Grand Lebrun Caudran. Besides the various units that occupy the family in Bordeaux, adolescence is marked by several places that all had a profound Girondins his work: the Landes de Gascogne around Langon , Verdelais and Saint-Symphorien , towns dominated by the bourgeoisie wine or having made a fortune in logging, heavy climates stifled secrets he painted in most of his novels.
He studied literature at the Faculty of Bordeaux, under the direction of Fortunatus Strowski. He then classmate Jean de Ville de Mirmont , future author of The Horizon chimeric and Sundays Jean Dezert , and became friends with Andr Lafon , who later wrote The Student Gilles. In 1907 , Francois Mauriac moved to Paris to prepare for the Ecole des Chartes , but he soon abandoned his studies to dedicate himself entirely to writing.
The poet
His first volume of poems, hands clasped , was published in 1909. While retaining the attention of literary circles including Maurice Barres , whom he dedicates a cult, Mauriac will be known to the public until a decade later.
In 1913 , he married Jeanne Lafon, met with their mutual friend Joan Germans, author who publishes under the male pseudonym of Jean Balde , and she gives him a first son, Claude , in 1914 , year of publication of The Robe pretext. Her other children, Luce, John and Claire were born respectively in 1919, 1924 and 1929.
His literary career was interrupted by the First World War , during which he served time in a hospital of the Red Cross in Salonika. After the victory of 1918 , he resumed his activities and published in 1921 , Precedence , who scrambles for a long time with good company from Bordeaux, then in 1922 , The Kiss of the leper.
Novelist
In a life marked by the first literary society life (youth, he attended trade shows, including that of Natalie Clifford Barney ), followed by guided particular political commitments by a Christian socialist ideal (it follows a time Furrow of Marc Sangnier and opposed to the French Action ), Mauriac is primarily occupied by the composition of a work of fiction, where he reveals a remarkable analyst passions of the soul and a virulent destroyer of the provincial bourgeoisie ( Genetrix , The Desert of love , Theresa Desqueyroux , The Knot of Vipers , The Frontenac Mystery ). Most of his novels suggest, with some tragic intensity, the conflict between faith and flesh and develop several recurring images as the famous "desert" spiritual characters go through.
The quality of his novels and his poetry earned him triumphantly elected to the French Academy on 1 June 1933 in the first round against Edmond Se by 28 votes and 3 blank ballots in 31 voting. On 16 November 1933 , upon receipt, he must still endure the unflattering speech of Andrew Chaumeix The writer hired While pursuing his literary work ( The End of the night , the first result of Theresa Desqueyroux Black Angels ), he took part in a new political battles, particularly during the Spanish war , first in favor of nationalist , before storing, with the Christian left who speak in magazines Spirit or September , alongside Spanish Republicans (see Articles in this time ). This commitment will result in a break with his first political family. Robert Brasillach him sign his book on the Spanish war a traitor "to FM lost" . Under the occupation , after some hesitation before the National Revolution launched by Marshal Petain , he published in 1941 The Pharisienne , which can be read as hollow as a criticism of the Vichy regime and his being designated as "agent disintegration "of the French conscience by devotees of the New Order. He joined the National Front of writers and participates in the work of resistance through the underground press ( Letters French in particular). He published in 1943 , the Editions de Minuit , under the pseudonym of "Drill," The Black Book , which is released under the mantle. At the time of treatment , he intervenes on behalf of the writer Henri Braud , accused of collaboration. He signed the petition writers for the grace of Robert Brasillach , who was sentenced to death and it will still run. Shortly after he broke with the National Committee of the writers because of the orientation Communist Committee and participates in the review of the Journal of The Round Table , where young writers on the right, later called the Hussars , will make their infancy. In 1952 , the year she published her novel Galiga , Francois Mauriac received the Nobel Prize for literature for "the profound spiritual impregnation and the artistic intensity with which his novels penetrated the drama of human life" . polemicist vigorous , initially absent from the debate on the war in Indochina ( Vercors criticize his silence), he then took a position in favor of the independence of Morocco and the Algeria , and condemns the use of torture by ' French Army (The Imitation of the executioners of Jesus Christ). He also chairs the Committee to Support the Christians of the USSR. It finds expression in his famous Notepad , which first appears in the Journal of The Round Table , and then in Le Figaro , and soon in 1955 in L'Express , which recently formed Francoise Giroud and Jean-Jacques Servan- Schreiber , before reappearing from 1961 until the end in Le Figaro. It supports a time Pierre Mendes France under the Fourth Republic , but the generals' putsch in Algiers precipitates rallying his unwavering in General de Gaulle in the Fifth Republic. During the 1960s, it gives to its internal memory ( 1959 ), with New Interior briefs ( 1965 ), and published his Memoirs ( 1967 ) and a hagiography of General De Gaulle ( 1964 ) which he would remain faithful to the end. His latest novel, A teenager once received an enthusiastic reception from critics in 1969. A sequel, Maltaverne , remains unfinished and will be published posthumously in 1972. Franois Mauriac died in Paris on 1September 1970 and is buried at the cemetery Vmars ( Val-d'Oise ). His complete works was published in twelve volumes between 1950 and 1956 , then reissued and expanded in the collection of the Bibliotheque de la Pleiade. Claude Mauriac and Jean Mauriac , his son, and Anne Wiazemsky , her granddaughter, are also writers. Luce Mauriac , his daughter, published a novel in 2008. The field Malagar at St. Maixant , which was the scene of the late teens and that the writer bought in 1927 following a sharing family, is now owned by the Regional Council of Aquitaine. This writer's house , transformed into a cultural center, is now open to visitors. According to a book published 4 March 2009 the Editions Fayard , Francois Mauriac. Intimate Biography of Jean-Luc Barr, the writer has had numerous homosexual passions. Based on written sources, the book reveals that Francois Mauriac would include burning passion for a young writer, a Swiss diplomat, Bernard Barbey , . The information that Mauriac had homosexual relations with young people was given in an interview with Daniel Guerin 's book published in Gilles Barbedette Carassou and Michel, Paris Gay 1925 published by Presses de la Renaissance. Daniel Guerin has confirmed this information, verifiable in the correspondence he received from Mauriac, preserved at the CID , in contradiction with the will of the writer to recover and destroy. Two literary awards bear his name: Nobel Prize
Revelations postmortem
Honors
Main works
Bibliography (around Francois Mauriac)
External Links
Notes
Preceded by
Pr Lagerkvist Nobel Prize in literature
1952 Followed by:
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill Preceded by
Eugene Brieux Chair 22 of the French Academy
1933-1970 Followed by
Julien Green
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