Foundation Of Al Andalus
Al-Andalus is the term for all lands Iberian peninsula dominated Muslim in the Middle Ages ( 711 - 1492 ).
Summary |
Foundation
The foundation of al-Andalus did not occur after a founding event, but took place over a period of time that led to the advent of al-Andalus as a nation, with the appearance of sense of belonging to this nation through a collective awareness of Ahl al-Andalus.
The Muslim conquest
The conquest of the Iberian peninsula runs from 711 to 716, and was controlled by a minority Moor.
At that time, Hispania experiencing a fragile political stability. Muslims can not conquer the entire peninsula, however, unable to penetrate the realms Basque. They are also trying to expand in France, but do not succeed, defeated at the Battle of Poitiers (732). They fall back on the peninsula.
They decide to establish the capital emirate of the new Iberian Cordoba , fascinated by its river (the Guadalquivir , formerly Betis).
Social groups after the Conquest are:
- Muslims:
- Arab
- Berber
- Syrian
- slaves,
- mulattoes;
- Non-Muslims:
- Mozarabic Christians (Arab Culture)
- Jewish
- slaves.
Chronology
In 711 , Tariq ibn Ziyad landed in Spain and defeated King Roderic in Guadalete.
In 732 , Muslim expansion was stopped at Poitiers.
In 750 , the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads , killing all family members except Abd al-Rahman and transfer the power of Damascus to Baghdad.
In 756 , Abd al-Rahman returns to the Iberian Peninsula and manages to split with the power to Baghdad, transforming Cordoba independent emirate. During the second half of the ninth century the town of Mayr ( Madrid ) is created as a defense of Toledo.
In 929 , Abd al-Rahman III proclaimed the Caliphate of Cordoba , and thus proclaimed himself caliph. After his death, his successor al-Hakam II , allowing al-Andalus to experience a cultural zenith. When he died in his turn, the power goes Ibn Amir Al-Mansur , which establishes a strict diet and intolerant, organizing repression against Christians. Much of what manifested this cultural era disappears, thus causing the decline of the caliphate.
In 1031 , the Caliphate of Cordoba collapsed and fragmented into Taifa.
In 1086 , the Almoravids , called for help by the Taifa of Seville , won the battle of Sagrajas on Alfonso VI , king of Castile , and the reunification undertaking of Al-Andalus.
In 1145 , the Kingdom of the Almoravids collapsed, overthrown by the Almohad dynasty in Morocco and the Taifa Spain.
In 1147 , the Almohad conquered in turn al-Andalus.
In 1212 , the Almohad fought by a coalition of Christian kings at Las Navas de Tolosa. Al-Andalus breaks up again in Taifa, who conquered one after the other by the kings of Castile.
In 1238 , Mohammed ben Nazar founded the Emirate of Granada , and declaring themselves the vassal king of Castile, that his kingdom is the only Muslim kingdom not to be conquered. Subsequently, the rivalry between the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon that will prevent each other to conquer Granada. But this rivalry ended in 1469 with the marriage of the Catholic Kings , then in 1474 with their arrival on the two thrones.
In 1492 , the kingdom of Granada was conquered, after ten years of war, ending the Reconquista. That same year the Jews were expelled, and Christopher Columbus discovered America in the name of Castile.
Loading ...