Fiqh
Fiqh ( Arabic : fiqh, : derived from the verb meaning is reflected in the jurisprudence Islamic relating to legal advice taken by jurists of Islam on the limits not to exceed by Muslims. It is therefore an understanding of the message of Islam in law. The scholar in fiqh, the lawyer, is called faqh (Arab Faqih, ).
There are several schools or madhhab (way) of fiqh, both in the branch of Sunni Islam and in that of Shiism. These schools usually take the name of the lawyer who founded them. This generally does not intend that its decisions will be copied without any update pop.
The concept of taqlid , that is to say "follow without knowing the guiding principles" or "blind imitation" according to others, as often occurred after their existence.
The four main schools of Sunni authentic today, are:
- the Hanafi , founded by Imam Abu Hanifa ( 699 - 767 )
- the Malikism founded by Imam Malik (~ 715 - ~ 795 )
- the chafisme founded by Imam Shaafa'i ( 767 - 820 )
- the Hanbalism founded by Imam Hanbal ( 780 - 855 ).
These four schools share most of their laws, but differ on the hadiths they accept as genuine and the relative weight assigned to the analogies ( qiyas ) used in deciding difficult cases. These schools also differ on the sources of law.
The school jafarite founded by Imam Jafar as-Sadiq ( 702 - 765 ) is the leading school of fiqh of Shiism.
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