Fatiha

Summary

1. Bismi Allahi Ar-Rahman-r-Rahim
2. Al-hamdu Lillah Rabbi-l-`alamin
3. Ar-Rahman-r-Rahim
4. Maliki Yawm-d-Dn
5. 'Na `budu Wa Iyak' Iyak Nasta` in
6. Ihdin-s-l-Sirat-Mustaqm
7. Sirat-Al-Ladhna 'An `AMTA` alayhim ghayr-l-`Maghbi alayhim wa-dj-lln

1. In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
2. Praise be to God, Lord of the universe.
3. Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
4. Master of the Day of Judgement.
5. Thee .

   History of His Revelation

   Islamic scholastic tradition wondered where and when the verses and the suras of the Koran were revealed to Muhammad , especially if this verse was revealed in Mecca or Medina. According to Ibn Abbas and other scholars, Sura Al Fatiha is a Meccan sura, but others believe it is a Madani Surah. Still others, like ibn Mudschahid Dschabr, believe that the first part of Sura appeared in Mecca and the second to Medina. The first hypothesis is widely accepted, although some believers think it was partly revealed in Mecca and Medina and in part. Koranic exegesis confirms the great importance of this short sura: the Andalusian Qur'an commentator al-Qurtubi (d. 1272) devotes 67 pages in his exegesis .

   Western scholars of Islam were also interested in the matter thereafter. It is difficult to answer as to the age of the Fatiha, because the contribution is specifically Islamic difficult to establish here. Indeed, this prayer could be found in prayer books Jews or Christians . However, there is no doubt that Sura had already appeared in Mecca and belonged to the ritual prayer of the early Muslims.

   Place in Muslim prayer

   After facing Mecca (the gibli) the psalmist says "Allahu akbar" (God is greater (all other) "), and standing starts reciting the Fatiha language Arabic , praising Allah and expressing his desire to seek refuge with Allah against the devil.

   It continues with new verses from the Koran that he himself has chosen (often as a surah Al Ichlas), then it falls down (the forehead must touch the ground) and ended the prayer with the Islamic greeting, as-Salamu alaikum addressed, according to the Muslim faith, the two angels sitting on his right and left. Previously there have been, where appropriate, express a prayer request (dua) in its native language.

   Due to a hadith which states that "the prayer of anyone who does not recite Surah Al Fatiha is invalid", many Muslim scholars emphasize the importance of this Surah in their comments. In practice, this means that Muslims who do their daily prayers by the traditional rules recite this Surah at least 32 times a day.

   Commentary to Sura

   The first verse, the transliteration is Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim, may be familiar to the ear of a non-Arab or non-Muslim as it is pervasive in Muslim societies, especially in its contracted form "Bismillah." This verse appears at the beginning of every sura of the Qur'an except the ninth (At Tawba, disavowal). There is only one verse in the Fatiha . It is normally said before reciting a sura or part of Surat during the daily prayer, and before the public proclamations and even for many personal activities daily in many Muslim societies. It's a way to invoke the blessing of Allah and proclaim his motivation before a business.

   The two words ar rahman ar rahim and are often translated into French by merciful. For example "the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful" . They are two different linguistic forms of the root triconsonontale "RHM" which means "mercy" (See Article Semitic languages ). The word Rahmaan indicates the importance that Rahim then evokes the permanence time.

   The second verse " " is among the most popular phrases in the Arab world. It is expressed to mean it feels good, we are happy, and even to express the consolation after an event. This verse is also significant in that it includes a relationship between the name of Allah the most common "" and "" which can be translated as "Lord." The second term shares the same root as the Hebrew " Rabbi ". In some copies of the Koran, the two words appear in red in each case.

   Statistics

   This Surah contains 7 verses, 29 words and 139 letters (or 25 and 120, if one does not count the first verse). However, Ibn Kathir said, "the scholars say that Al Fatiha consists of 25 words and contains 113 letters. "This is due to a difference in the method in counting the letters. This is also because as the Qur'an is primarily a transmission from oral rather than written, and there are slightly different ways to spell the letters. One could draw an analogy with the British and American English (center or center).

   References

   1. The order set of Quran is not the chronological order of the Quranic revelation. That is why this statement does not obviousness.
   2. ^{a , b and c} Roger Caratini and Hocine Rais, Introduction to Islam: Faith and Practice, Presse du Chatelet, 2003, 203 p. ( ISBN 2-84592-076-8 ), Part II, chap. 1 ("The Five Pillars of Islam"), p. 126
   3. (en) The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, Leiden. Vol. 2, p. 841.
   4. (en) about it: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, Leiden, Vol. 5, p. 512
   5. printed in Beirut 2006. Vol. 1, p.166-233
   6. (all) Theodor Nldeke: Geschichte des Korans, vol. 1, p. 110
   7. Summary of Sahih Al-Bukhari, Daroussalam, 1999, p.249
   8. http://www.coranweb.com/ Translation French site Coranweb
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