Fath 39Ali
Fath Ali Shah of Iran was born 5 September 1771 in Tabriz - died 23 October 1834 ) to Isfahan and was buried in Qom , whose real name Baba Khan, the son of Hossein Qholi Khan Qajar, the brother of Agha Mohammad Khan. He succeeded his uncle, 17 June 1797. It is the second ruler of the Qajar dynasty.
He was first governor of Fars for his uncle Mohammed Agha , and ascended the throne of Iran in 1797 to his death.
Having triumphed over many competitors, he turned his arms against Georgia ( 1803 ), but could not submit the Prince George , who had called on Russians to the rescue. During his reign, the Iranian army knows his first defeat in modern times. The Russian , the northern neighbor, becoming more and more power and extended its sovereignty to the region of Caucasus , historically linked to Iran.
Fath Ali Shah saw the advancing Russians trying to ally with Western powers. He even contact between Napoleon and the first letters are exchanged between the two sovereigns, an ambassador is sent and they sign the Treaty of Finkenstein. In 1805 , he made an alliance with Napoleon against Russia
Meanwhile Napoleon made peace with the Russians and sign the Treaty of Tilsit with them in 1807. After the Peace of Tilsit, Fath'Ali Shah abandoned this alliance that the United Kingdom. Fath'Ali Shah, losing all hope of help from the British and the French went to war against Russia by appointing his son Abbas Mirza as army chief. Despite the bravery of the Iranian army and the crown prince, the superiority and modernity of the Russian army, inflicting a first defeat.
In 1813 , he made peace with the Russians by the Treaty of Golestan , abandoning his claims, and recognizing the annexation of Georgia. Iran is also losing control over the northern Caucasus region.
The same year, he deprived the king of Kabul province of Herat , but the misunderstanding which arose between his son Abbas Mirza and Ali Mohammet prevented to preserve it.
In 1821 , he declared war on the Porte and obtained for an advantageous treaty of Persia ( 1823 ). After the death of Emperor Alexander I of Russia , Fath Ali Shah designed the project to reclaim the Russians on the places he had lost. First winner, he was later defeated in several encounters by General Ivan Paskievich.
A second defeat against Russia obliges Iran to sign the Treaty of Turkmenchay in 1828 by which he abandoned the Persian Armenian: Araks became the border between Russia and Persia. Iran and loses sovereignty over the regions beyond the river Araks , the Armenia and Azerbaijan (today).
The war with Russia last more than ten years. These two treaties (Golestan and Turkmenchay) are considered one of the darkest points in the history of Iran.
Fath Ali Shah is known for having a large harem with a hundred women and over two hundred children, creating a large royal court. It was also during his reign there is a return to the arts and labels Persian kings. He directs several large portraits of him, offered courses in the United Kingdom, France and Austria. He also engraved several frescoes in its glory to the example of frescoes Sassanid.
After the death of his beloved son Abbas Mirza in 1833 , Fath Ali Shah appointed Mohammad Mirza, the son of Abbas Mirza as his successor. He died a year later on 23 October 1834.
Family
- Son of Hossein Khan Qajar Qholi Source partial
Marie-Nicolas Bouillet and Alexis Chassang (ed.), "Fath Ali Shah Qajar" in Universal Dictionary of History and Geography, 1878 See
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