Epistle
The word epistle is an archaic word, derived from the Latin the Greek which refers to a letter (in the sense of
They are short treated most often philosophical. This can be as "conversations in the absence" of the speaker on social and moral aspects of life. Over time, the epistle is in literature , a discourse in to the kind academic or didactic. She quickly takes the meaning of epigram much less bitter than the satire. The word "epistle" is a common female name.
The New Testament contains several epistles.
Summary |
Horace
Epistles published in 19 or 18 BC. AD, rather than 20, whichever is later accepted, and probably after 13 BC. AD for the second collection
Ausonius (310-395)
Two books of Epistles:
- The first is a work of scholarship "bourgeois" ephemeris, commentary of the 12 Caesars of Suetonius.
- The second contains a collection of poems named romance.
For this aspect, see Epistulae Antiquae III - Proceedings of the Third International Symposium "Ancient Epistolary and Its European (Universit Franois-Rabelais, Tours, 25-27 September 2002)
Modern and Contemporary Literature
The letter was in verse, as the conversation itself, the variety of tones and subjects to which it lends, and the cheerful familiarity that is the most natural quality, highly educated in France where she for the first introducer and master Clement Marot , whose epistles have playful grace, simplicity and charm of a genius that bends in the genre too high.
In the seventeenth century , it then cites Epistles Tabourot of Cars of Scarron ; The Epistle distresses of the latter is a masterpiece of verve, wit, satire in literature.
The main contributor dramatic Richelieu , the poet Boisrobert , especially his letters had to make a name "Boisrobert digs to withdraw epistolary," said Scarron. But Boileau , who found the letter in the genre more in keeping with his genius, bringing to more noble than familiarity overshadows all these authors.
In the eighteenth century , Voltaire addresses the epistle with different qualities, but more proportionate to her frame. It makes him, in imitation of his "dear Horace," familiarity, naturalness, charm and malice inseparable from his genius. He wrote to the kings of the time, Frederick , to Catherine II , to Gustavus III , men of letters, his friends, or even his enemies, the great ladies of literature and drama queens, he wrote to the dead, Boileau he treats badly:
- Boileau correct author of some good writing,
- Zoilus Quinault and flattering Louis
Horace, the most loved and most amiable of his masters.
The epistle is still treated successfully with a host of contemporary Voltaire. We noticed the Epistle to Claudine Gentil-Bernard , the Epistle to the laziness of Bernis, the Epistle to my dress Sedaine , the Epistle to Voltaire Boufflers , the Epistle to my sister Cresset , and various Epistles of Piron , of Hamilton , of St. Lambert , to Lebrun , to Rulhiere of Delille , of Chenier , etc..
In the nineteenth century , apart from isolated and occasional letters from Fontanes of Delavigne , of Lamartine , etc.. must report any series of letters activists Viennet who wrote all his long life, first as Prime Empire to 1815 , the last under the Second Empire to 1858. He got through some, such as mules Dom Miguel, the Muses, etc.., Who were greeted in turn as courageous political manifestos or unhappy protests literary prizes to the Floral Games. However, his Epistle to the dressers for the freedom of the press cost him his place in the army in 1827. Dressers for those crimes against the press.
The letter also counted masters and masterpieces in England. Some critics are in such English poet Pope over Boileau and Voltaire. Blair equaled at least to Horace, Epistles to his moral about his Epistle of Eloisa to Abelard, she is following Villemain , "creating the happiest of the author and even modern poetry. "The Epistles of Young , who belong to satire, have been successful in his country, but keep an important place beside his other works.
In German literature, the epistle has turned into lyrical effusion. It cites, with this character, the epistles of Wieland , of Jacobi , of Gleim , and several others.
The Italians, for having dealt with happiness all small genera, have not disdained the epistle, and several poets, such as Chiabrera , Frugoni , etc.., have addressed the footsteps of Horace same, but without reaching by it a reputation that associates their name with those of Boileau, the Pope or Voltaire.
There was also another kind of epistle, dedicatory epistle or the dedication.
New Testament
It also includes a number of books of the New Testament. It differs in that case:
- the Pauline Epistles , letters and / or attributed to the apostle Paul to the communities Christian he has founded or advises;
- other Epistles, sometimes called Catholic in the etymological sense, that is to say universal because they are not addressed to a particular church as were those of the Pauline corpus, but to all
- the 3 epistles contained in the Johannine corpus
- the pseudo-Clementine literature
Bibliography
- Literature
- Gustave Vapereau , Universal Dictionary of literature, Paris, Hachette, 1876, p. 715-6
- Religion
- Rgis Burnet , Epistles and Letters I. and second centuries , CERF , 2003
Loading ...