Eastern Catholic Church
The Eastern Catholic Churches are a branch of the Eastern Christian churches. They are characterized by being in communion with the Bishop of Rome (the Pope ), they recognize the primacy , and use the ritual liturgical East ( Coptic , Syriac-West , Maronite , Syriac-Eastern , Byzantine , Armenian , Geez ), more or less Latinized Status and Terminology 23 in number but very different sizes, the Eastern Catholic Churches are recognized as full members of the Catholic Church. As such, several cardinals are Eastern patriarchs, and (if under 80 years) the Eastern patriarchs take part in the election of "the Roman Pontiff" (canonical name of the pope in Rome, cf. Canon 331, Code 1983 ). Currently, these cardinals are Patriarchs: Antonios Naguib , Patriarch of the Coptic Catholic Church of Alexandria, Ignace Moussa I Daoud , the Cardinal Patriarch of Antioch of the Syrians, Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Eastern Churches; Nasrallah Pierre Sfeir , Cardinal -Patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites (Patriarch Emeritus). These churches are also known by other names: The term "Uniate" has long served to designate the Eastern Catholic Churches. Strictly speaking, it is used to denote the fractions of those Eastern churches that have broken with their church "mother" and orthodox entered into communion with the Roman Catholic Church. It is demonstrated for the first time at the Synod of Brest-Litovsk in 1596, giving birth to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church . Strictly speaking, "Uniate Churches" and "Eastern Catholic Churches" are not synonymous: Rome united in their entirety in the thirteenth century, the Lebanese Maronite Christians belong to the second category but not the first. These churches were often romanized. Keeping appearances Oriental ( liturgy , paramenter , liturgical language , discipline of clerical celibacy, music), they adopted the theology and ecclesiology Catholic. They often think themselves as a bridge between Catholicism and Orthodoxy , as were the interventions show Maximos IV, Patriarch of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 1947 to 1967, during the Council Vatican II . The separation between the Church of Rome and the Byzantine churches, the First Church of Constantinople, was symbolized by the spectacular excommunications of mutual Ecumenical Patriarch Michael I Cerularius and the papal legate Humbert Moyenmoutier in 1054. This separation will become permanent in the minds in the East after the Crusades and the sacking of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204. Attempts at unity of Second Council of Lyons in 1274 , then at the Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1438 - 1442 , were unsuccessful. The Church of Rome, then developed an ecclesiology that insisted on authority and the direct jurisdiction of the Pope over all local churches. Therefore, the churches that were not under papal jurisdiction could be subject to the activity missionary in order to bring them into communion with Rome. This missionary activity was undertaken towards all the Eastern Churches, often with support from Catholic powers (in particular France , which will recognize a kind of religious protectorate over Eastern Christians of the Ottoman Empire ). The result was, firstly, the establishment of hierarchies and the development of Latin communities ( Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem , the Latin Patriarchate of Antioch , then a little later, the Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople ), on the other hand, establishment of the Eastern Churches "united" to Rome, by rallying from a part of the clergy and faithful of the Church "separated". Thus, over time, "while Catholic, united to Rome" was set up next to each of the Eastern Churches . 1182 Union in Rome of the Maronite Church of Antioch (Patriarchate of Antioch independent set in the eighth century) at the time of the Crusades . 1553 Establishment of the Chaldean Catholic Church split from the Church of the East (definitively established only in 1830). 1662 Establishment of the Syriac Catholic church split by the Syrian Church of Antioch (definitively established only in 1783). 1724 Establishment of the Melkite Catholic Church split from the Church of Antioch Melkite. 1740 Establishment of the Armenian Catholic Church by splitting the Catholicosate Armenian Cilicia (after a formal union at the time of the Crusades). 1595 - one thousand five hundred and ninety-six , Union of Brest : Decision of the Metropolitan of Kiev-Galicia and All Russia to sever its relations with the Church of Constantinople to be placed under the jurisdiction of Rome. The Ruthenia was part of the Republic of Two Nations (Poland Catholic). / Establishment of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. An Orthodox hierarchy was quickly restored. 1646 , Union of Uzhhorod : Decision of 63 Orthodox priests Carpatho placing themselves under the jurisdiction of Rome. Carpathian Ruthenia was part of the kingdom of Hungary. / Establishment of the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church. 1698 , Synod of Alba Iulia : Union of Romanians in Rome Orthodox Transylvania while under the direct rule of the Habsburgs. / Establishment of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church. 1946 Attachment forced Greek Catholic Churches Ukrainian and Ruthenian Orthodox Church in Russian (USSR). The Church continues to exist in the diaspora (and clandestine in Ukraine). 1948 Attachment forced the Greek Catholic Church Romanian Orthodox Church Romanian (Romania). The Uniate Church continued to exist in the diaspora (and clandestine in Romania). 1989 Recovery of Greek Catholic Churches Ukrainian and Romanian, but authorities in both countries predominantly Orthodox refuse to return their confiscated property (monasteries, churches, schools) and attributed to the Orthodox churches. Christianity took root very early in India, particularly in the south-west India (now the state of Kerala ). Local tradition traces the origin of the Church of Malabar to the Apostle Thomas. The early Church was placed under the jurisdiction of the Church of Persia , which it adopted the East Syriac rite and customs, and who sent his bishops. The first contacts with the Portuguese in the early sixteenth century went by smoothly. However, in 1599 , Alexis de Menezes, Archbishop of Portuguese Goa (Latin Rite), brings together a local synod Diamper. The Christians of St. Thomas were forcibly placed under the jurisdiction of the Church of Rome. A Jesuit, Francisco Roz, was appointed bishop, who latinized strongly rite. In response, a large proportion of the local Christians followed the priest Thomas Palakomatta that in 1653 became consecrated bishop and Metropolitan, placing a few years later under the jurisdiction of the Syriac Orthodox Church (in West Syrian rite ). The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church refers to the line which remained in the court after the synod of Roman Diamper. It was not until the late nineteenth century to see the establishment of specific courts and the appointment of bishops of local origin and ritual. In 1930 , Archbishop Mar Ivanios Bethany and Theophilus Suffragan Bishop of Tiruvalla in March left the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Syriac Orthodox Church in India) to be placed under the jurisdiction of Rome. In 1932 , Rome created a metropolis Syro-Malankara, establishing the existence of a second Catholic church in eastern India, the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Western Rite Syriac). 1895 Establishment of the Coptic Catholic Patriarchate at the initiative of Pope Leo XIII. 1961 Statute of Metropolitan Church for the Ethiopian Catholic Church (first contacts in the XVII century). The Congregation for Eastern Churches was founded in 1862 as part of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith Propaganda Fide (who oversaw the missionary activities of the Catholic Church). It became independent in 1917 during the papacy of Benedict XV. It is by this Congregation that are relations between the Eastern Catholic Churches and the Roman Curia in the Holy See. The Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome was established on 15 October 1917 by Benedict XV by the motu proprio Orientis Catholic. It forms by cycles of two-year course students in all languages of the East Church. It is run by the Jesuits since 1922. Many colleges papal have been established in Rome to train clergy of the various Eastern Catholic Churches: Patriarchal churches have the right to choose their own patriarch. He is elected by the Synod of Bishops and is proclaimed and immediately inducted. He then asked the ecclesiastical communion with the Pope. The Major Archbishop is elected in the same manner as a patriarch. However, his election must be confirmed by the Pope for him to be inducted. The Metropolitan is appointed by the Pope from a list of three candidates submitted by the Synod of Bishops. The primate is appointed by the pope. The word is sometimes used uniatism in a derogatory sense for the Greek Catholics. Uniatism is regarded by the Orthodox Churches as ecclesiological incorrect and as a form of proselytizing in contradiction with the canonical tradition and official discourse of the Church of Rome on inter-church and ecumenical dialogue. In 1993 , during the Seventh Meeting of the International Joint Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church has been signed the Declaration of Balamand , which states that "Unia can not be a model of unity ". However the text was an agreement of experts (periti incompetence!) That did not correspond to reality. It was never signed by the Catholic authorities in Rome (the Pope or the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity) unlike other ecumenical texts. Besides the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches or CCEO (promulgated by the Pope in 1990), the Catholic Church published in 1964, the conciliar decree "Orientalium Ecclesiarum" here are the first sentences: The particular Churches or rites 3. These particular Churches, both of East and West, to some extent differ from each other by their rites, that is to say, their liturgy, ecclesiastical discipline and spiritual heritage, but they are all assigned to Similarly to the pastoral government of the Roman Pontiff, which by divine will, succeeded St. Peter in primacy over the universal Church. They are equal in dignity, so that none of them wins on others because of his rite. They enjoy the same rights and are held to the same obligations, also as regards the duty to preach the Gospel throughout the world (cf. Mk 16, 15) led by the Roman Pontiff. Status
These Eastern churches are governed by the Code of Canons of Oriental Churches in Latin drafted and promulgated by the Pope of Rome in 1990.
They enjoy an undeniable autonomy, which, however, varies according to their own statutes (depending on size). Thus, the patriarchs are elected by the patriarchal synod and take possession of their office immediately, even before the Pope of Rome is informed, the appointment of heads of major archiepiscopal Churches is very close. The bishops are appointed by the patriarchs, without passing through Rome. Description
The term Uniate
History
Background
Elements of chronology
Churches of the Middle East
Churches of Central and Eastern Europe
Churches in India
Churches of North East Africa
Administration-Relations with the Holy See
Congregation for the Oriental Churches
Pontifical Oriental Institute
Pontifical Colleges
Different Churches
The Patriarchal Churches
The major archiepiscopal Churches
Churches Metropolitan
Other churches and communities
Relations with the Latin Church
Relations with other Eastern Churches
Relations with the Assyrian Apostolic Church of the East
Relations with Eastern Orthodox Churches
Relations with the Orthodox Churches
Debates
Criticism of Unia
Eastern Catholic Churches and ecumenical dialogue
Official documents of the Church on the Eastern Catholic Churches
Preamble
1. The Catholic Church holds in high esteem the institutions, liturgical rites, ecclesiastical traditions and discipline of Christian life of the Eastern Churches. Indeed, because of the age in which these venerable churches pride themselves, they shone in the tradition that comes from the Apostles through the Fathers and part of the undivided heritage of the whole Church and revealed by God. In his solicitude for the Oriental Churches, who are living witnesses of this tradition, the ecumenical council wishes them to be successful and accomplish with apostolic vigor the task entrusted to them. Therefore, further actions concerning the universal church, he decided to establish a few main points, leaving it for the rest of caution synods of Eastern and Apostolic.
2. The Holy Catholic Church is the Mystical Body of Christ, is composed of the faithful who are organically united in the Holy Spirit by the same faith, the same sacraments and the same government, which, based on various communities whose cohesion is provided by the hierarchy, are of particular Churches or rites. Among these churches is a wonderful communion, so that diversity in the Church, far from harming her unity, highlights. This is indeed the intention of the Catholic Church to safeguard their integrity and traditions of each particular Church or rite. She also wants to adapt his lifestyle to the diverse needs of the times and places.
(End quote)
It appears from these various texts that the Eastern Catholic Churches are regarded with respect, as a treasure, and a gender perspective; we also note the importance attributed to "the Roman Pontiff" (that is to say the Pope , bishop of Rome). So that members of the Eastern Churches are also, in their own right, the "Roman Catholic" (this expression is a tautology for Catholics). See also
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External Links
Bibliography
References
Alexandrian tradition / Abyssinian Syriac Tradition Armenian tradition Byzantine tradition See also: two councils of churches - churches of three councils - councils of the seven churches
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