Diacritics Of The Hebrew Alphabet
In Hebrew , the diacritics are called (transliteration: nqd or nikkoud) or (transliteration: nqudd or nekuddth), or more commonly nikkudot or "point vowels ".
There have been many different versions, but most used today was invented by Masoretes (Ba'alei Masorah), to complete the writing of several consonnantale Abjad Semitic (whose abjad Hebrew , the Arab abjad , several variations including the Samaritan Aramaic, scripts used alternately for the transcription of the Hebrew language ).
Nikkudot the signs are small, compared to the consonants they complete, and thus have the advantage of being directly added to a text does not contain.
Students of Hebrew who do not speak fluently or not yet, make extra attention to these diacritics, particularly as regards the controversy Tetragrammaton - written in Hebrew. - The interpretation would restore the ancient pronunciation (Authentic some say) of Jehovah or Yahweh.
Summary |
Signs of nikkud
This table uses the consonant letter as a basis for showing the position and shape of nikkudot vowels, and phonetic interpretation according to the possible semi-consonants , or that may follow. Note that sometimes, depending on the dialect or tradition, differences in pronunciation. This table gives the transcript the most common one used in Israel , which for example is different from the pronunciation Ashkenazi.
On the other hand the beginning of this picture recalls the presence of nikkudot consonant (the dageshim which state reading or consonants they complete), their most common associations are elaborated in the main article on the ' Hebrew alphabet.
| Symbol | Tiberian Hebrew reading | Hebrew reading standard | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hebrew name | Latin name | Transliteration | Hebrew name | Latin name | Transliteration | |
| ? | sin dot | indout, most often China or shin dot | This is not technically a vowel. It amends so it should be transliterated ( API / /). | |||
| ? | sin dot | ? | Sin, sin, or more often | This is not technically a vowel. It amends so it should be transliterated S ( API / /). | ||
| Dages | Dages, more often dagesh | This is not technically a vowel. It doubles a consonant guttural it modifies (Gemini), or mute and soften another consonant. The result can still take a vowel. | ||||
| w | Transliterated ( API / / or silent) | va more often schwa. | Transliterated ( API / / or silent), often transliterated e, or as an apostrophe or not written at all | |||
| ep sl | Transliteration E ( API / /) | ataf seggol more often chataf Segol or | Transliterated e ( API / e /) | |||
| ep Patah | Transliterated ( API / a /) | ataf Patah, more often chataf pinnace or | Has transliterated ( API / a /) | |||
| ep Qames | Transliterated O ( API / /) | ataf qama more often chataf kamatz or | Transliterated o ( API / o /) | |||
| req | Transliterated i ( API / i /) or I ( API / i /) | iriq, or more often Chirik | Transliterated i ( API / i /) | |||
| req male | Transliterated ( API / i /) | iriq male, more often or maleic Chirik | Transliterated i ( API / i /) | |||
| quark | Transliterated E ( API / e /) | Zere, more often tzeirei | Transliterated e ( API / e /) | |||
| | quark male | Transliterated ( API / e /) | Zere male, more often or maleic tzeirei | Transliterated e ( API / e /), usually ei ( API / ei /) | ||
| sl | Transliterated e ( API / /) or e ( API / /) | seggol, or more often Segol | Transliterated e ( API / e /) | |||
| | sl male | Transliterated E ( API / /) | seggol male, more often Segol maleic or | Transliterated e ( API / e /), but more often ei ( API / ei /) | ||
| Patah | Has transliterated ( API / a /) or ( API / a /) | Patah, more often patache | Has transliterated ( API / a /) | |||
| | Patah male | Transliterated A ( API / a /) | Patah male, more often patache maleic | Has transliterated ( API / a /) | ||
| | Qames gadol | Transliterated to ( IPA / /) | qama gadol, more often kamatz gadol, sometimes simply called (sometimes marked with a metheg kamatz left of See also References
Technical limitations | |||
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