Corinth
| Corinth (El) | ||
|---|---|---|
 Fontaine Peirene "lower" | ||
| Administration | ||
| Country |  Greece | |
| Mayor | Alexandros Pneumatikos | |
| Periphery | Peloponnese | |
| Nome | Corinthia | |
| Postcode | 201 00 | |
| Calling code | (+30) 27410 | |
| Registration | XA | |
| Geography | ||
| Contact | 37 56 '00 "North 22 56 '00 "East / 37.9333, 22.9333 | |
| Altitude | 0-10 m | |
| Area | 10 200 ha = 102 km 2 | |
| Demography | ||
| Population | 36 555 hab. (2001) | |
| Density | 358.4 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Location | ||
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| Internet | ||
| City website | http://www.korinthos.gr/ | |
Corinth History The city is mentioned in the Iliad , where she also bears the name of Ephyra. Strategically located on the isthmus that connects northern Greece (the Attica mainland and Athens which it is distant 86 km) to the peninsula of the Peloponnese and separating two major seas (the Ionian and Aegean ) She was destined to become a great maritime power in antiquity, also located at the crossroads of two trade routes, the north-south and mostly east-west, which arrived by luxury goods of East and the products of the settlements in the West. It was easier to take small boats across the isthmus or unload goods from one side to recharge them on other ships of the other side, rather than undertake a long and perilous journey around the Peloponnese. Its port was Licked (gr. Lechaeum or Lkhaion) away from the city, it was like Piraeus , connected to the city by building long walls. In mythology , Corinth is associated with Sisyphus and his descendants. This is where Medea and Jason fled after Medea had organized the murder of Pelias. A princess of Corinth, Astyoche , gave birth to a son of Heracles , Tlepolemus , who was killed by Sarpedon during the Trojan War. Corinth was occupied by the Dorians around 700 BC. BC According to tradition, the city was governed from -747 to -657 by the oligarchy of Dorian Bacchiadae. At that time, the colonies were founded Corcyra and Syracuse ( -733 ). There is archaeological evidence of the extent of relations with the city abroad. Corinth became a center of maritime commerce for the Greek world, especially through its two ports , one, Licked on the Gulf of Corinth , and the other Cenchreae (lat. Cenchre or gr. Kenkhreai) on the Saronic Gulf. The Corinthian Aminocls , which is the oldest known Greek shipowner, built ships to Samos in -704 , the first naval battle in Greek history in Corcyra to Corinth opposed -664. The Bacchiadae were overthrown by the tyrant Cypselus in -657. Dethroned the Bacchiadae Demaratus have emigrated to Etruria and was the father of Tarquin the Elder , King of Rome. The power and prosperity Corinthian reached their zenith under Cypselus and son Periander. Three years after the death of the latter, succeeded his nephew Psammetichus , tyranny was overthrown and replaced by an oligarchic government kept up friendly relations with Sparta and Athens. With the rise of Athenian imperialism in the second half of the fifth century , relations deteriorated with Athens and the quarrel between the two cities about Corcyra and Potidaea led to the Peloponnesian War in -431. The Corinthians were among the fiercest and most active opponents of Athens during the war, although they were very upset by the loss of their business, their fleet and their colonies. They took part in the defense of Syracuse , attacked by the Athenians in the Sicilian expedition. Later, however, Corinth joined with Athens, Argos and Boeotia to fight against the tyrannical rule of Sparta ( War of Corinth ). The hostility of Corinth, reinforced by its position at the base of the isthmus, is a serious danger to Sparta, threatening its land communications with the North. The war ended with peace of Antalcidas , done with the help of Persia. In the war against Philip II of Macedonia , Corinth joined Athens to support the cause of Greek liberty. After the defeat of the Athenians and Thebans at Chaeronea ( -338 ), it was at Corinth that Philip called a meeting of the Greek cities to form a confederation under Macedonian control. Corinth later became a bastion of the Achaean League. It then passed under the control of Macedonia until the victory of Flaminius on Macedonia -198 / -196 , when it was declared a free city like all other Greek cities and became the seat of the Achaean League. When campaigns Rome against the League, she was completely devastated in -146 by Mummius , who wanted to avenge the insults which had been the victims Roman ambassadors, and its inhabitants were massacred or enslaved. In the words of Cicero , this episode represented the extinction of "the light of all Greece" (Tusculans, III, 53). After a century of desolation, Corinth was rebuilt by Julius Caesar who made a Roman colony ( 44 BC. ). However, various indices show that the site of Corinth continued to be inhabited during the century that separates the reconstruction caesarean section (cf. Cic., Tusc. III, 22, 53. Accame S., Il dominio romano in Grecia, Rome, 1946, pp. 28 ff.) and archaeologists tend to estimate the damage caused by the Roman legions were less important than is suggested by the ancient literary sources that give the city to properly shaved (cf. J. Wiseman, ANRW II, 7, 1, 1979, pp. 491, et seq.). When the apostle Paul visited the city in 52 AD for a period of 18 months, Corinth had become a flourishing city and capital of the Roman province of Achaia. She was also a bishopric. After his trip, he wrote them two letters which are part of the biblical canon. During the Byzantine period, Justinian began construction of a rampart of the Isthmus of Corinth (Hexamilion) in 530 , but the city still suffers attacks of Avars , the Slavs and the Normans. Early establishment of the principality of Achaia , Acrocorinth, defended by the Byzantine Leo Sgouros , was besieged for about 5 years between 1205 and 1210. In 1358 she was awarded by Prince Robert of Taranto to the Seneschal Niccolo Acciaiuoli , then goes to the Duke of Athens Nerio I Acciaiuoli to 1370, and returned to the Byzantine despotate Morea in 1395. In 1400 before the advancing Turkish Theodore Palaeologus , Despot of Mistra and brother of the Emperor of Constantinople , sold his possessions in the Peloponnese. Several forts were occupied by the Knights and rehabilitated, as the citadel of Corinth, but the inhabitants of Mistra refused to recognize their sovereignty. Given the difficulty the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, Philibert de Mistra Naillac surrendered to Theodore Palaeologus. In 1458 the city of Corinth fell to the Turks after a heroic resistance led the Acrocorinth. The Knights of Malta took it back in 1612 , then the Venetians in 1687. The Ottomans retook it in 1715 until 1822. In 1858 , a major earthquake totally destroyed Corinth, to the point that we decided to create a new city on a modern, north-east of the former, 3 km away, on the Gulf of Corinth. Ancient Corinth ( ) still exists: it is located near the archaeological site. It rose from its ruins, but never extended. Tourism is the main activity of the village. The city suffered another earthquake in 1928. In connection with the preparation of the Olympic Games in Athens in 2004, the city of Corinth has been granted two new infrastructure for relationships much easier with the capital, especially commuting: The ancient archaeological site has received 174,146 visitors in 2005 and 178,109 in 2006 . Antiquity
Archaic Period
Classical Period
Hellenistic period
Roman colony
Middle Ages
Modern Era
Contemporary Period
Geography and economy
References
Mycenaean civilization Argos Kouphovouno Mycenae Orchomenos (Arcadia) Pylos Tiryns Mycenaean Bridge of Kazarma Vaphio 
Archaic and Classical Greece Acrocorinth Corinth Cenchreae Diolkos Epidaurus and Epidaurus Ancient Isthmia Mantinea Megalopolis Messene Nemea Olympia Orchomenos (Arcadia) Phigalia Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia Sicyon Sparta Tegea Temple of Apollo at Bassae Troezen Roman Acrocorinth Corinth Wall Hexamilion Sparta Byzantine Acrocorinth Malvasia (Monemvasia) Mystras (Mistra)
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