Colloquial Arabic

The colloquial Arabic ( is a term that covers the Arabic dialects, resulting from linguistic interference between the Arabic and local languages or close at the end of a process ' Arabization or any cultural influence mainly due to colonization , to migration , to trade , and more recently in the media.

These "dialects" are sufficiently different that speakers of the Arab world from remote areas can not understand each other. They also have a grammar, syntax, vocabulary and pronunciation that makes them different languages of Arabic literature, so much so that communication between a person speaking only one of them and another speaking only Arabic literature is impossible.

They are constantly changing, constantly including new words and turns of phrase, drawn mostly from Western languages like French, Spanish or English. These are the dialects, alongside other non-Arabic languages, which are used for everyday communication in the countries concerned.

The different dialects of Arabic in the Arab World

These dialects can be grouped into several groups, which can in turn be classified into two broad categories:

West Family

• Iberian group:
  • Arab Andalusia ( Andalusia , off, "traces" remaining in some dialects in the Maghreb citizens charged by a small minority of Andalusian origin);
• Group Maghreb :
  • Arab Moroccan citizen (Non-Hilalian strongly influenced by the Andalusian Arabic )
    • Arab city Hadari (dialects of ancient Fez , Rabat , Sal , Tetouan , Taza ) ^,
    • Arab Bedouin city influenced (dialects of ancient Marrakech , Meknes )
    • Arabic influenced city mountain (old dialects of Tangier , Ouezzane, Chefchaouen )
    • Moroccan Arabic Mountaineer (Pre-Hilaliens) ^,
    • Moroccan Arabic northern mountain
    • Moroccan Arabic mountain meridional ( Senhaja , Zenata )
    • Arabic Judeo-Moroccan (Non-Hilaliens)
    • Moroccan Arabic Bedouin ( Hilaliens and Maqilien )
    • Aruba dialects: Hilalian dialects, spoken in the western plains of Morocco ( Doukkala, Abda , Chaouia , Gharb )
    • Eastern dialects: Hilalian dialects, spoken in Oujda and part of the eastern region ^,
    • New urban dialects of Morocco (Koine urban dominant Hilali), resulting movements of urban migration in the 20th century ^,
  • Algerian Arabic ( Algeria , Tunisia Interior)
    • Arab Tlemcen ,
    • Arab Nedroma ,
    • Arab Oran ( Oran )
    • Arab mostaganmois ( Mostaganem )
    • Arab Algiers (Central dialects) ( Algiers )
    • Constantine ( Constantine )
    • Algerian nomadic Arab East ,
    • Arab Algerian Traras ,
    • Algerian Arab nomads Tellian ,
    • Djidjelien ( Jijel );
  • Tunisian Arabic ( Tunisia , Far north-eastern Algeria)
    • Arab Tunis ( Tunis )
    • Arab Sfaxien ( Sfax ),
    • Sahelian Arabic ( Sousse , Monastir , Mahdia );
• Sicilian-Maltese group:
  • Maltese ( Malta )
  • Arab Sicily ( Sicily , off);
• Bedouin group:
  • Libyan Arab;
    • Arab Libyan Tripolitania ( Tripoli )
    • Arab Libyan Cyrenaica ( Cyrene )
    • Arab Libyan Fezzan ( Fezzan )
  • Hassaniya ( Mauritania , Morocco , Western Sahara , Algeria , Mali , Senegal )
  • Arab Sahara (South-western Algeria, Niger ).

Family East

• • Group Nile
    • Egypt ( Egypt )
    • Chad-Sudan ( Sudan and Chad );

• • Levant Group:
    • Syrian-Lebanese-Palestinian ( Syria , Lebanon and Palestine )
      • Speaking in Damascus
      • Speaking of Aleppo
    • Palestinian-Jordanian ( Jordan and Palestine)
    • Palestinian Bedouin (Palestine)
    • Maronite Cypriot ( Cyprus );

• • Mesopotamian group:
    • Northern Iraq (qeltu) ( Iraq )
    • Southern Iraq (gilit) (Iraq)
    • Anatolia ( Turkey )
    • Arabistan (province of Iran 's Khuzestan )
    • dialects of Central Asia ;

• • Arab group:
    • dialects of the Persian Gulf (Najd)
    • Hijazi (West Arabian) (region Saudi of Hejaz )
    • Yemen (South Arabian) ( Yemen )
    • dialects of the north-west ( Negev , Sinai , South Jordan).

Foreign Influences

Besides the natural evolution of language independently of each region, different dialects are distinguished by the influences of other languages:

• substrate Berber dialects for the North Africans;
• substrate ancient Egyptian to Egypt;
• substrate Phoenician for the Syrian-Lebanese-Palestinian, Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan and Maltese;
• superstrate italics for Malta and Tunisia;
• superstrate Spanish for Morocco and western Algeria;
• Borrowing French , Italian and Castilian dialects for the Maghreb and Lebanon;
• borrowing Turkish for Syrian-Lebanese-Palestinian and Algerian dialect.

Examples dialectal

Example of a single sentence in French, written Arabic, Maltese, Tunisian dialect, a dialect of Algeria, the Moroccan dialect, dialect and Egyptian dialect Lebanese

• French: Tomorrow, I'll go see the pretty market;
• written Arabic: Ghaden his habu adh-li-ru yati-s-suqi'l jamil;
• Maltese: Ghada sejjer nmarru ra s-s-suq Sabih (pronounced ra Ghada Seyi nmarrou sou s-Sabih);
• Tunisia: Ghodwa, Bes nem nuf did suq el Meziane;
• Algeria: Ghodwa, Ghada n'roh nuf a'soug a'chebab / el-zine;
• Morocco: Ghedda, Ghada n'mchi n'chouf es-ez zwin suq;
• Egyptian Bokra, Rayeh auf did su al-gamil;
• Lebanese Bukra, ana Rayeh have suf-su al-helo.

Writing

When written, dialects use either a modified Arabic alphabet or Latin alphabet with diacritics. In Arabic-speaking communities of the Internet, we use Latin letters which we add some numbers to represent certain sounds, the use of these figures comes from their proximity to the Arabic letter representing the same sound. So is it to 3 to represent the sound 'ayn (Arabic letter: ), from 7 to represent the sound ha' (Arabic letter ) or 5 to represent the sound kha '(Arabic letter ). Sometimes there are also a number 9 to represent the sound Qaf ( Arabic letter), but more often the sound is transcribed by the letter q.

Grammar

See also

Internal Links

• Arabic
• Classical Arabic
• Modern Standard Arabic
• diglossia

External Links

• Documents in Arabic literally and in five dialects (Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Syrian-Lebanese-Palestinian and Egyptian)
• Berber substrate in the Arabic dialect
• Where the Arabic dialect in France
• Courses to learn Arabic dialect Lebanese
• Manual for learning the dialect Lebanese and other information

Bibliography

Arranged by date of publication of books:

• TF Mitchell, Professor of English and general linguistics at the University of Leeds, Colloquial Arabic, a collection Teach Yourself Books, Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., London 1962, tenth printing 1980, ( ISBN 0-340-26519-1 )
• Boutros Hallaq, Fellow of the University, Arabic for all series "Languages for All", Presses Pocket, 1984 ( ISBN 978-2-266-01340-8 )
• Michel Neyreneuf and Ghalib Al-Hakkak, Arabic Grammar Active Collection "modern languages", Le Livre de Poche, Paris 1996.
• Thomas Bauer, Writing Arabic, article in The World's Writing Systems, collective work under the supervision of Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, Oxford University Press, 1996.
• Toufic Fahd, Studies of history and civilization Arab Isis Publishing, 1997, ( ISBN 975-428-106-8 ) online version
• Mathieu Guidere, Arabic grammatically correct! Grammar of the Arabic alphabet, Editions Ellipses, Paris 2001, ( ISBN 2-72980923-6 )
• Ghani Alani , The Writing of Writing: The Treaty of Arab-Muslim calligraphy, ed. Dervy, 2002.
• Regis Blachere and Maurice Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Grammar of Classical Arabic, Maisonneuve et Larose, fifth edition, 2004.
• Kristen Brustad, Mahmoud Al-Batal, Abbas Al-Tons, A Textbook for Arabic: Part Two. Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 2005 ( ISBN 978-1589010963 ), ¹ st edition 1997 ( ISBN 0-87840-350-7 )
• Boutros Hallaq, Fellow of the University, Professor at the University of Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris III, Forty lessons to speak Arabic, 'languages for all ", Univers Poche, Pocket, Paris, 2009 ( ISBN 978-2-266 - 18910-1 )

• Pocket Dictionary Mounged (French Arabic), Dar el-Mashreq, tenth edition, Beirut.

• Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Determination of acoustic cues for robust automatic identification of Arabic dialects, journal Language and Linguistics, (2001)

References

• Portal of the Arab world
• Arabic portal

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