Church (Institution)
A church is a community local Christian and the institution that brings together Christians of one denomination.
By extension from the third century, the term refers to the building where a community comes together so it is necessary to distinguish church , place of worship , and church, community or institution , using a capital letter for only the second.
In sociology , the word refers to a religious group and institutionalized under universal Etymology The word church comes from the Greek eklesia, the People's Assembly, the word is already in the Septuagint to translate Hebrew qahal - sometimes also reflected sunagoge synagogue - the assembly in direction Profane or community of God. In early Christianity , the faithful follow a master, just as the school model Pharisees and the memory of it passes through the invocation of an apostle to the origin of a particular regional Church (Pierre for Western Marc for Copts in Egypt, for Thomas Christians of India and some Syrian churches). Initially, the organization of local communities is mainly centered on the ancient presbyters or presbyters. The Epistle to the Ephesians enumerates four ministries: Apostles, Pastors, Deacons, and Drs. Different functions appear very quickly, especially deacons in the service of charity, and bishops (overseers) even if the contours of the different functions are difficult to trace accurately. Specialize functions, including the ministry of preaching. The episcopate itself into Asia Minor in the late I. or early second century , as evidenced by Ignatius of Antioch communities claiming the submission to the bishop "who takes the place of God himself" and begs the collegial model gradually. The bishop is elected to lead a community classification with the presbyters, who now are similar to priests , and deacons . The early church is a concept that appears in 2 stages: In fact, the "Primitive Church" does not exist historically. There is no "church" in the contemporary sense of the term institutionalization before Constantine arrived at in Christianity is primarily made up of local communities considered more or less heretical to Judaism from the Yabneh phase. When they organize themselves, there is no "Church" but the local assembly around its ancient and its presbyteroi episcopos. They are schools of thought imitating Greek schools of philosophy whose proper name is "aeres" (see etymology in heresy ) The idea of the unity of the church of origin, with heresies that come after, is a doctrine peculiar to Catholic centralism. Walter Bauer says that heresies are historically the source of Christianity , what some researchers oppose the thesis of Walter Bauer , In the fourth century, when the Arian crisis , there are organizations consisting of bishops and presbyters more or less important in the East (Nicomedia and Constantinople, Antioch, Caesarea, Tyre, Alexandria, Rome, Cordoba). Each of them is independent of the others as shown in the call for Constantine Council of Nicea made to all churches. Until the schism of 1054 , the Christian world is organized around five churches, backgrounds apostolic , which constitute the Pentarchy. They are: Until the eighth century , the emperor decided of the convening of councils and the application of ecclesiastical or canon law as the faithful and the priests and the priests only, then the priests and Other bishops elect the bishop. The situation changed in the West from the endowment of a temporal power to the bishop of Rome by Charlemagne. The Nicene Creed , creed common to Catholic and Orthodox Churches, the Church defines as one, holy, catholic and apostolic. The unity of the Church is affirmed by the New Testament , which presents it as a single body of which Christ is the head of Christians and members . The schisms that have marked the history of Christianity are at odds with this statement of unity. The Sacrament of Baptism marks the entry of a person in the Christian churches is done in the name of one God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit ", but may have different shapes. In Catholicism , the baptism may be given to young children , according to ancient tradition born of his need for salvation (John 3:5) but is perhaps a scriptural confirmation in practice of baptizing whole family (Acts 16 , 15 and 33; 1 Cor 1-16). But the real commitment is made by the confirmation (baptism), and the profession of faith. In the current gospel, the baptism is given only to adults professing, baptism marks the genuine commitment to follow the path of the Lord. It is generally not repeated in the conversion of a speaker of the Christian denomination to another The World Council of Churches , which wants a "fellowship of churches which confess the Lord Jesus Christ as God and Saviour according the Scriptures and seek to fulfill together their common calling to the glory of one God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit. "Recognizes the need to move towards recognition of baptism from other churches. The Roman Catholic Church is an observer. The word "catholic" means "by all," "universal". The first millennium of Christian Churches both orthodox assertive because they believe conform to the "right doctrine" (ortho doxa), and "Catholics", recognizing the universality of the one Church of Jesus Christ. The Apostolic Roman Catholic Church claims a legitimacy of the specific word of Jesus to the Apostle Peter in the Gospel of St. Matthew: "You are Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church ... I will give you the keys of kingdom of heaven "(Mt 16, 15-19) . This sentence is recalled in the first message of Pope Benedict XVI after the concelebrated Eucharist with the cardinal electors in the Sistine Chapel , Wednesday, April 20 2005. Whoever believes and confesses as Peter is the foundation of the Church. The Roman Catholic Church said universal because the children of God from all countries and all walks of life are a part (Acts 2, 47, 9, 31) and it also includes all the redeemed already raised from the Lord (Heb 12, 22-23), if it is in a sense invisible, it is also visible, as it is embodied on earth in the living and active members of local churches, which the world must see the brotherly love , noted the good works, and hear the true story (Jn 17, 21, 1 Pet 2, 12, Ph 2, 15-16). In this sense, it is multitudinism. The Church believes that the mission entrusted by Christ to his apostles continues to be exercised by it until the end of time. In Roman Catholicism, priesthood is the guarantor of this assignment through the sacrament of Holy Orders : The Order has three levels: the episcopate , the priesthood and the diaconate. Order the word meant, in Roman antiquity, the body constituted under civil (senatorial order, equestrian order, plebs), especially the bodies of those who govern. (See: Holy Order ). Restorationist movements challenge the idea of apostolic succession. In their view, the Christian world have undergone apostasy generalized from the first century AD, after the death of the last apostles and traditional Christian denominations ( Catholic , Orthodox , Protestant ) and would open the original Christian principles because of their internal divisions, their errors of interpretation or their compromises with the world. These movements believe that original Christianity was restored by their means. For Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses , this restoration of the original faith could be made by the literal interpretation of the Bible and a sincere commitment to follow his teachings. According to Mormons , divine intervention was necessary and the First Vision would be launched this Reinstatement of original Christianity through Joseph Smith in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The sociology of religion makes a classification of religious movements as a function of ideal types. In the nineteenth century , sociologists Max Weber and Ernst Troeltsch defined models classifying Christian movements: these ideal types "Church" or "sect" are schematic and have meaning only in relation to one another. The main points of a church in this typology is its universal character, the existence of a clergy, as well as his attitude to society . A Church has a universal character, there belongs to birth without the need for conversion or personal endeavor. The Church acknowledges the lukewarm, in contrast to the sect that requires a personal commitment. The Church has a "charism of function: there is a clergy and religious orders. It is the alternative name of religion that takes its place among the secular institutions. For Troeltsch "The Church is a religious organization that recognizes the strength of the society within which it exists. That's why she sees the world as necessary, as this may allow coexistence of religion to win. On the one hand, it does not renounce make efforts to influence the world. On the other hand it does not lose its position directly opposed to the secular power exists " . The idea of an "early church"
The Church as Catholic churches, Orthodox and Reformed
The Church "a"
The Holy Church
The Church Universal
The Apostolic Church
The Church view movements restorationist
Churches and sects
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