Christian Iii Of Denmark
| Christian III of Denmark | ||
 | ||
Christian III | ||
| Reign | ||
| 1534-1559 | ||
| Dynasty | House of Oldenburg | |
|---|---|---|
| Full track | King of Denmark and Norway | |
| Predecessor | Frederick | |
| Successor | Frederick II | |
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| Biography | ||
| Birth | 12 August 1503 | |
| Copenhagen | ||
| Deaths | 1January 1559 | |
| Koldinghus | ||
| Father | Frederick | |
| Mother | Anne Brandenburg | |
| Spouse (s) | Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg | |
Christian III of Denmark, born 12 August 1503 at Copenhagen and died on 1 January 1559 to Koldinghus , was king of Denmark and Norway ( 1534 - 1559 ), and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1523 to 1533.
Summary |
Family
Son of Frederick and Anne of Brandenburg.
Marriage and children
On 29 October 1525 , Christian III of Denmark married Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg ( 1575 ), daughter of Duke Magnus I of Saxe-Lauenburg.
Five children were born of this union:
- Anne of Denmark ( in 1532 - 1585 ) and in 1548 she married the Elector Augustus I of Saxony ( 1526 - 1586 )
- Magnus of Denmark ( one thousand five hundred forty - 1583 ), he was bishop of Oesel and Spit , King of Livonia from 1570 to 1577 , the date of his abdication in 1573 , he married Mary Staritsa ( 1560 - 1597 ), daughter of the Duke Vladimir of Staritsa (two children)
- John of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg , "said Le Jeune ( 1 545 - in 1622 ), Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, in 1568 , he married Elizabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen ( 1586 ), daughter of Duke Ernest of Brunswick-Grubenhagen. Widowed, he married in 1588 Agnes of Anhalt ( 1616 ), daughter of Prince Joachim of Anhalt
- Dorothea of Denmark ( 1 546 - in 1617 ) and in 1561 she married Duke William of Brunswick-Lneburg ( 1592 ).
Biography
Among the teachers of the future Christian III, Wolfgang von Utenhof, a native of Wittenberg , and the Lutheran Johann Rantzau Holsatian who became his guardian, were both men of great ability and reformers.
In 1521 , Christian III of Denmark went to Germany and participated in the Diet of Worms ( January 28 to 25 May 1521 ), where Martin Luther himself made a great impression. Upon his return, his father ascended the Danish throne in place of Christian II. Christian III never hid his views on Lutheranism and freedom of speech won him some trouble, not only with Catholics Rigsraad , but also with his father, wise man, and timer.
In his own court to Schleswig and despite opposition from bishops , Christian III did his best to introduce the Reformation. He persuaded the Elector of Saxony sent to Copenhagen from theologian Bugenhagen , who had already converted Hamburg and Pomerania. As Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, as well as Viceroy of Norway , Christian III had shown great administrative capacity, but also a deep intolerance towards Catholics. Some suggested the succession to the throne of Denmark and Norway's half-brother John of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, because he had been educated in the Catholic faith.
Christian III, King of Denmark
He was proclaimed king of Denmark and Norway on the death of his father in 1533. He must first win against supporters of Christian II and the Lbeck and then took an active part in the "War of the Counts" or "Greven Fejde" from 1534 to 1536. The triumph of the Reformation led to the collapse of Catholicism in Denmark , but the presence of Catholics at the Council of State was still very strong, and he had to resort to a coup , he accomplished successfully with the help his German mercenaries on 12 August 1536. The brutality of this act was strongly criticized by Martin Luther. Christian III imposed the Lutheranism as the state religion in all its belongings, overcoming opposition from a strong Catholic and confiscating the church property that allowed him to readjust the finances of the kingdom. The circumstances which led to Christian III on the throne exposed to the danger of foreign domination. It was with the help of the nobility of the Duchy of Holstein, Christian III conquered the thrones. The German nobles and those of Holstein had led his armies and also directed its diplomacy. Mutual trust between a king who had conquered his kingdom and a people who resisted him with the weapons could not be realized immediately. The first six years of his reign were marked by a struggle between the Danish and German advisers. Although the Danish part remportt a victory by securing the inclusion in the Charter provision providing that only native Denmark had to obtain the highest dignities of the state, the German advisers, however, continued to occupy top positions in state during the early years of the reign of Christian III. The Danes, Charles V and the specific members of the royal family threatened him with imprisonment. These threats were able to convince him to remove the last traces of discontent in his kingdom and so he turned his attention exclusively to Danish members of noble families and soldiers. Christian III recognition by the Danish people has been fulfilled in Copenhagen in 1542. The Danish nobility had to give one-twentieth of its assets to repay the huge debt owed to the Holstein and the Germans.
To counterbalance the persistent hostility of Charles V , who was determined to support the demands of the nieces of Christian III ((daughters of Christian II) on the legacy of the Scandinavian kingdom, the mainstay of foreign policy was his Christian III alliance with the German Lutheran princes. In 1542 , with the help of German Protestant princes, declared war on Charles V. It made peace with Christian III at the Diet of Speyer , the 23 May 1544. Foreign policy Christian III was regulated by the Diet of Speyer. He carefully avoided any danger of complications and refused to attend the League of Schmalkalden in 1546. The mediation between the emperor and Saxony after the fall of Maurice de Saxe in the battle of Sievershausen in 1553 , contributed greatly to the conclusion of peace.
He developed the Danish fleet, centralized power, put an end to the electoral status of the king of Denmark in establishing the hereditary right of his line to the throne, and raised his country as a great power. His son Frederick II succeeded him.
Death and Burial
Christian III of Denmark died on 1January 1559. He was buried in the cathedral of Roskilde.
Genealogy
Christian III of Denmark belongs to the first branch of the House of Oldenburg. This line of kings gave to Norway, Sweden, Denmark, she died in 1863 at the death of Frederick VII of Denmark.
See also
Internal Links
- Christian I of Denmark (paternal grandfather)
- King John Cicero of Brandenburg (maternal grandfather)
External links and sources
| Preceded by | Christian III of Denmark | Followed by |
| Frederick | King of Denmark | Frederick II |
| ' | King of Norway | ' |
- This section contains all or part of a document from the Site Lands storytelling. The author allows to use all the material on its website under the GFDL.
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