Choral
A chorale is a liturgical chant as part of the Protestant Reformation to be sung in chorus by devotees of faiths Protestants. The peculiarity is that the lyrics are only in the vernacular. It is simple to be sung and remembered by the faithful.
Summary |
The choir draws its sources of Protestant reform proposed by Martin Luther in 1517. The Protestant Reformation seeks a return to their original sources and the Gospels, by ridding it of fourteen century of changes (poetry, Greek, Latin ...) and some changes in the composition of the mass. One of Luther's works is to have translated the Bible into vernacular, which thus made it accessible to those who were not fluent in Latin (that is to say the majority of the people). This is important because it helps explain why the chorus is sung in the vernacular (for example, those of Johann Sebastian Bach in German). In contrast, the cons at the Catholic Reformation Council of Trent (1547-1563) is, conversely, promote an educational process, sensitive and promotes intellectual relationship to the cult, which will give some time later, the creation oratorios. These are all different points of Choral: sung by professionals, in Latin, with a more or less didactic.
At first, he wants to monophonic, however, is observed from 1524 chorales Polyphonic (Johann Walter publish a book of chorales and 5 to 4 votes).
Feature Choral
Styles and Features
By extension, the word means a piece played on the organ , more rarely, harpsichord , on the theme of song matching (also known as "chorale prelude"). This form has been widely used in the Baroque period, with variations:
- harmonized chorale : contrapuntal ...
- choral fugue : a subject, about cons, stretto, entertainment ...
- figured chorale
- ornamented chorale : grace notes , passing notes , more melodic ...
- Choral varied : Choral Fantasy, a mixture of other forms ...
- The chorus is always sung in the vernacular.
- The song used for alignment is generally extracted from another room, like a Gregorian chant for example.
- The congregation can sing the main melody, while the rest is played on the organ.
- It can also be preceded by a prelude, played the organ and used to indicate the main melody.
All these variants are found in the work of Johann Sebastian Bach , the primary master chorale for organ, which he had explored a very large number of possible alignments.
Choral Health
The chorale as those found in Bach generally takes the form of "bar" (Germanic form):
| A | A ' | B | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grounds | Main Theme | Main theme slightly modified | Theme B |
| Tones | Your main | No variation in the simple works | Your main Perfect Cadence |
The classical period and modern
After Bach's organ chorale writing evolve and eventually extend to the orchestra from the pen of the great composers, including Franck giving such a symphonic dimension, then Anton Bruckner , the organist of training, including the Fifth symphony has sometimes been called "choir" because of its intensive use of the chorale, told the group of mainly brass instruments, or even Gustav Mahler , Marcel Dupre , Charles Tournemire , Jean Langlais , Jehan Alain , etc..
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