Charles Martial Lavigerie
| Charles Martial Lavigerie | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Biography | |
| Birth | 31 October 1825 in Bayonne ( France ) |
| Deaths | 26 November 1892 Algiers (Algeria) |
| Priestly Ordination | 2 June 1849 |
| Bishop of the Catholic Church | |
| Episcopal | 22 March 1863 by card. Clement Villecourt |
| Episcopal functions | Bishop of Nancy (France) Archbishop of Algiers ( Algeria ) Archbishop of Carthage ( Tunisia ) |
| Cardinal of the Catholic Church | |
| Created cardinal | 27 March 1882 by Pope Leo XIII |
| Title | Cardinal-priest of S. Agnese fuori le mura |
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| (In) Record at catholic-hierarchy.org | |
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Charles Martial Lavigerie German, born 31 October 1825 in Bayonne ( Pyrenees-Atlantiques ) and died on 26 November 1892 in Algiers ( Algeria ), is the founder of the ( White Fathers ), Archbishop of Algiers and Carthage. He was created cardinal in 1882.
His name was given to two cities in Algeria, the French era, a suburb of Algiers, Lavigerie today Mohammadia and a second in the Mitidja called today: Djendel ( wilaya of Ain Defla ).
Summary |
Professor of history at the Sorbonne ( 1,854 - one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six ), it is expected to travel to Syria where he founded the work of the schools of the East to support missions. He discovered the Islam and Arab culture.
Bishop of Nancy in 1863 , he became archbishop of Algiers in 1867. He devoted himself to the evangelization of Africa that does not separate populations of humanitarian concern. He founded the Society of Missionaries of Africa, in 1868 , which is known as its members: the White Fathers.
A year after founding the Missionaries of Africa, Lavigerie founded in 1869, the Congregation of the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa.
He was created cardinal in the consistory of 27 March 1882 by Pope Leo XIII with the title of Cardinal Priest of St. Agnes Outside the Walls (Santa Agnese fuori le mura).
The mission of the White Fathers and White Sisters mission is to evangelize the natives as they were called then.
Having understood the importance of the inculturation of the Gospel message Lavigerie puts these new missionaries to three requirements:
- you speak the language of the people;
- you eat their food;
- you wear their clothes.
The new company then took a missionary at the beginning, the Arab garb: the gandoura , the bunting and the fez , with a religious symbol like rosary worn around the neck as a necklace.
Social work, clinics, schools, rural development: this will be the work of missionaries of the "White Fathers" at the beginning, in Algeria, with the establishment of Christian villages converted (often former orphans raised in the missions). But Lavigerie sees farther. By accepting the archbishopric of Algiers, he had written to his friend: "Algeria is a gateway to a continent ... .
After the opening of the novitiate in 1868 , vocations numerous enough to arrive in 1876, the first caravan of three missionaries can go to Timbuktu. The presence of the Missionary Sisters of Our Lady of Africa can work among women and girls, indigenous ( native ), otherwise inaccessible to white fathers.
Two years later, in 1878 , a caravan of several other missionaries arrived in the port of Mombasa on the east coast of Africa. After three months of walking, she reached the shores of Lake Victoria and settled in Uganda. Other campers will follow, often in difficult circumstances. The African adventure of the White Fathers was running.
On the death of Cardinal Lavigerie in 1892 , 278 missionaries in Africa, five nationalities were already working in six African countries that are present include: Algeria , Tunisia , Uganda , Tanzania , Congo and Zambia. Today it is 1,600 missionaries in Africa, thirty-six nationalities, working in forty-two countries, three hundred and ten communities. (Missionaries of Africa in training - Abidjan Cote d'Ivoire).
Primate of Africa
The Tunisia has become a French protectorate in 1881 , an archbishop of Carthage is created and assigned to Lavigerie in addition to Algiers. The Holy See also assigned an apostolic delegation in the Sahara and in Sudan and gives it the title of primate of Africa. He then asked the missionaries to local people identify themselves by adopting their language , food , clothing and housing.
Anti-Slavery and Republican
Lavigerie is the apostle of the fight against the slave trade. Seconded by Pope Leo XIII , he received from governments, after a tour in Europe , signing to Brussels in 1890 , an antislavery act incorporating his suggestions.
On 12 November 1890 , he delivered a toast in Algiers before the officers of the French squadron to pass through this port and gives the signal for rallying Catholics - hitherto largely Legitimists - the Third Republic :
"The union, in the presence of that past still bleeding, which threatens the future always, is currently in effect, our supreme need. The union is also, let me tell you, the first wish of the Church and its pastors at all levels of the hierarchy. Without doubt, it does not ask us to waive or to the memory of past glories, or feelings of loyalty and gratitude that honor all men. But when the will of the people has clearly stated that the form of a government is not in itself contrary, as Leo XIII proclaimed recently, the principles which alone can sustain the Christian and civilized nations, when necessary, to finally pull his country to an abyss that threatens the membership without a second thought to this form of government, the time comes finally to declare the test done and to put an end to our divisions, sacrifice all that the conscience and honor permit, order each of us to sacrifice for the salvation of the fatherland. That's what I teach around me, that's what I want to see taught in France by all our clergy and in so saying, I am certain of not being disowned by any authoritative voice. "
The speech ends with breathtaking La Marseillaise. The fear of leaving the Republic to the extreme left , which approximates the Republican camp said this development.
Burial
The Lavigerie is buried at St. Louis Cathedral of Carthage and a monument in his memory is high. His body now rests in the crypt of the general house in Rome. His parents are based in Bayonne (near St. Stephen Church and the Jewish cemetery).
Statue installed and removed
On 23 November 1925 , the Resident General of France in Tunisia , Lucien Saint , in a rally commemorating the centenary of the solemn Lavigerie. At the same time, a statue of him by the sculptor Jean-Elie Vezien is offered to the municipality of Tunis , who decides to install it on the spot Bab Bhar (at the entrance of the souks ). Places extremely important as part of everyday symbolic of indigenous people. It is the cardinal brandishing the cross.
The decision to install the statue arouses discontent among Tunisians of Arab causes and a demonstration by the students of the University Zaytuna who see this as an infringement of their religious beliefs (as it is placed near the Zaytuna Mosque ) and a contempt for their traditions.
On November 28 , hundreds of students, joined by several activists, go to the municipality requesting the mayor to give up the act. The mayor refused to receive them and expelled forcibly. He sends some to jail. Do not disarming, they go to general headquarters of the residence to expose their views to St. Lucian. However, not only the resident general refuses to receive them but he appealed to the police who carry on his order to arrest a large number of people for "disturbing public order".
The statue will be removed after the independence of Tunisia , by order of Mayor Ali Belhouane and is now in Bayonne.
Bibliography
- Pierre Laridan (Fig. Ren Follet ), Cardinal Lavigerie, ed. Casterman, coll. "All brothers, Paris, 1962 .
- Franois Renault, Cardinal Lavigerie, 1825-1892, ed. Fayard, Paris, 1992 .
- Joseph Perrier, Wind for the Future - The Lavigerie (1825-1892), ed. Karthala, Paris, 1987 .
- Stephen Martin, About's portrait of German-Lavigerie Bishop, Bishop of Nancy, kept in the diocese of Nancy and Toul, vol. 90 The Country Lorrain, Nancy, September 2009, p. 241-244 .
- Baunard Bishop, Cardinal Lavigerie, ed. Ch Poussielgue, Paris, 1896 2 vols.
Notes
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| Preceded by | Charles Martial Lavigerie | Followed by | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| George Darboy |
| Joseph-Alfred Foulon | ||
| Louis-Antoine-Augustin Pavy |
| Prosper Auguste Dusserre |
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