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Charles Guignebert

Guignebert Charles, born June 18 1867 at Villeneuve-Saint-Georges and died on 27 August 1939 at Clamecy in the Nivre , was a historian French of the history of Christianity.

Teacher at the Sorbonne in the history of early Christianity and medieval , is a leading French historians with Alfred Loisy proposed to have a history of Christianity addressed scientifically and not sectarian.

Summary

/ / Biography

Guignebert Charles was born into a family of craftsmen unattached religious Val-de-Marne. After high school, he spent a aggregation of history and geography and taught in a school in Toulouse. Although it has no religious training, he became interested in the history of Christianity and earned a Doctor of Letters after a thesis on Pierre d'Ailly and especially a study of Tertullian , which remains a reference .

Pupil of Ernest Renan , he professes a course of Christian history at the Sorbonne from 1905. In his inaugural lecture, he says he wants to make history of Christianity, "a story like the others" . In 1919 , he became the first Chair that is initiated in this area. He teaches early Christianity and medieval at the Sorbonne until 1937 and in the mid-1920s, Henry Irenaeus Marrou among its students who will succeed him as a teacher.

Lay Scientist

Steeped in the method of Loisy and the work of German scholars and historians, following his teaching point of view strictly rationalist , without any concession to the views of condoning religious, as he explains in the introduction to his book Jesus ( 1933): "The Gospels are written propaganda, intended to organize and authenticate, making it likely the legend shown in the sacred drama of the sect and to comply with the customs of the mythology of the time" .

His studies and his options are to take part - but rather as an observer - the modernist crisis about which the secular rationalist believes in Catholic Modernism and tradition in France, published in 1907 , the internal contradictions of modernism to devote failure . From a historian's perspective, Guignebert is willing to question the scientific treatment of the history of the birth and the rooting of Christianity in the ancient world, a desire he shared with Alfred Loisy. However, a fundamental difference in approach between the two men - who nevertheless feel - about Christianity, the second seeking to achieve an overview on what he sees as "the" religion and first teacher "a" growing religion among others in the ancient society especially in a Jewish context. Guignebert also professes that "the" religion is the subject of discussion by philosophers and "the" religions, that of historians .

Guignebert, who sometimes uses the comparative method in his work - without going too far in this direction - to reconstruct a history of Christian origins , stands Maurice Goguel , Specialist Paul of Tarsus , which at the same time profess a philosophy of history. Guignebert insists framework syncretic Judaism in the origin of Christianity can be achieved by considering the historical Jesus .

Life of Jesus

When the Rationalist Union was founded in 1930 in support of "the mythical school" in a debate revived by the publication of the memoirs of Loisy , Guignebert defends the historical reality of Jesus of Nazareth. He is the author, in 1933 the first Life of Jesus in calling in French historian , in a religious work without attachment . He particularly criticized the six theses of mythistes Couchoud, B. Smith, Robertson, Jensen, Kalthoff, and Drews. He sees Jesus as a prophet who, if he follows the prophetic tradition of Israel, it stands out by its messianic internalized, conversion and not as a militant nationalist .

Guignebert also considers research from Catholic circles, like those of Joseph Lagrange or Bonsirven Joseph , are stained with dogmatic assumptions including defending the absolute originality of the religion of Israel, the next n ' have not undergone external influences . More generally, like Loisy Guignebert opposed throughout his life to a conception of apologetics use historical criticism marked confessional theology, accused of confusing history and theology, which is a kind work of Maurice 'Hulst , Lagrange, Bonsirven, Pierre Batiffol , Jules Lebreton , or the History of the Church of Augustine Fliche and Victor Martin .

His work

The approach of the history of Christian origins Guignebert if it maintains the existence of Jesus and the role of the latter in the process is biased scientists own at the time . Yet with his pupil and successor Henry Irenaeus Marrou that historical methodology and theology of history will experience breakthroughs in France .

His work, important, embraces the general history of Christianity in its entirety. It is divided into two trilogies, the first deals with Jesus of Nazareth and its environment with Jewish books Jesus (1933), The World Jewish about the time of Jesus (1935) and finally Christ (1943), published after his death , remained incomplete and would see a sequel of the Church remained in draft form. These three books are an excellent synthesis that retains a certain appeal in spite of the progress that documents discovered Nag Hammadi then Qumran have been made in research concerning the study of ancient Judaism and Christianity .

Brush a second trilogy in the history of ecclesiastical institution, divided between the origins (1907), Ancient Christianity (1921) and the Middle Ages and the Modern era (1922).

Publications

  • Manual of Ancient History of Christianity: the origins, 1907
  • The problem of Jesus, 1914, Coda, 2008, ( ISBN 978-2-84967-055-2 )
  • Ancient Christianity, 1921
  • Medieval and modern Christianity, 1922
  • The Hidden Life of Jesus, 1924
  • Gods and religions, lecture series The union of free thinkers and free believers to moral culture, 1926
  • Jesus, The Renaissance Book, et al. The Evolution of Humanity, XXIX, 1933, repr. Albin Michel, 1969
  • The World Jewish about the time of Jesus, 1935
  • Christ, ed. Albin Michel, coll. The Evolution of Humanity, XXIX bis, 1943, repr. 1969 (unfinished work)

References

  1. Stephen Trocm , Charles Guignebert article, in "Dictionary of the religious world in contemporary France," Vol. 9: The Religious Sciences: the nineteenth century: 1800-1914, ed. Beauchesne, 1996 308
  2. Tertullian, study on his feelings towards the Empire and Civil Society, ed. Ernest Laroux, 1901
  3. quoted by Stephen Trocm in "Dictionary of the religious world in contemporary France," Vol. 9: The Religious Sciences: the nineteenth century: 1800-1914, ed. Beauchesne, 1996 308
  4. Charles Guignebert, Jesus, ed. The Renaissance Book, 1933, p. 67
  5. Emile Poulat , Article Guignebert, Charles in Encyclopaedia Universalis, ed. 2010
  6. Loisy, who will go out soon after, wrote the obituary in the Journal Guignebert history and compares it to Renan himself, cf. Franois Laplanche, op. cit.
  7. Franois Laplanche , "De Loisy to Guignebert", in Yves-Marie Hilaire (eds.), De Renan Marrou: the history of Christianity and the progress of the historical method (1863-1968), ed. University Press of the North, 1999 63, excerpt online
  8. If he was attracted by the comparative result of Loisy and German researchers, however, he remained more historian historian of religions in its approach to the subject; Stephen Trocm in "Dictionary of the religious world in the Contemporary France, Vol. 9: The Religious Sciences: the nineteenth century: 1800-1914, ed. Beauchesne, 1996 308
  9. Yves-Marie Hilaire, De Renan Marrou: the history of Christianity and the progress of the historical method (1863-1968), ed. University Press of the North, 1999 13
  10. Daniel Reel, "Franois Laplanche, The Crisis of origin. Catholic Gospels science and history in the twentieth century ", in Journal of the History of Religions, 4 / 2007, article online
  11. Charles Guignebert, Jesus, ed. Renaissance Book 1933, repr. Albin Michel 1969
  12. Simon Claude Mimouni , Christianity Origins to Constantine, ed. PUF / New Clio, 2006, p. 60
  13. Daniel Reel, "Franois Laplanche, The Crisis of origin. Catholic Gospels science and history in the twentieth century ", in Journal of the History of Religions, 4 / 2007, article online
  14. Daniel Reel, "Franois Laplanche, The Crisis of origin. Catholic Gospels science and history in the twentieth century ", in Journal of the History of Religions, 4 / 2007, article online
  15. Franois Laplanche, "De Loisy to Guignebert", in Yves-Marie Hilaire (eds.), De Renan Marrou: the history of Christianity and the progress of the historical method (1863-1968), ed. University Press of the North, 1999 59
  16. Yves-Marie Hilaire, De Renan Marrou, op. cit. p.13
  17. Yves-Marie Hilaire, De Renan Marrou, op. cit. p.16
  18. Stephen Trocm , Charles Guignebert article, in "Dictionary of the religious world in contemporary France," Vol. 9: The Religious Sciences: the nineteenth century: 1800-1914, ed. Beauchesne, 1996 309

Sources

  • Stephen Trocm , Charles Guignebert article in "Dictionary of the religious world in contemporary France," Vol. 9: The Religious Sciences: the nineteenth century: 1800-1914, ed. Beauchesne, 1996, pp. 308-309, online article

Bibliography

  • Brunot Margaret, Charles Guignebert (1867-1939): his life and his work, in Annals of the University of Paris, July-October 1939, pp. 365-380
  • Franois Laplanche, "De Loisy to Guignebert", in Yves-Marie Hilaire (eds.), De Renan Marrou: the history of Christianity and the progress of the historical method (1863-1968), ed. University Press of the North, 1999, pp. 57-72, extracts online
  • Franois Laplanche, La crisis origin. Catholic Gospels science and history in the twentieth century, ed. Albin Michel, Paris, 2006

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