Charles Albert Of Sardinia
| Charles Albert of Savoy | ||
| King of Sardinia | ||
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Portrait of Charles Albert of Sardinia | ||
| Reign | ||
| 27 April 1831 - 23 March 1849 | ||
| Dynasty | House of Savoy | |
|---|---|---|
| Full track | King of Sardinia Prince of Piedmont Prince de Carignan Duke of Savoy | |
| Predecessor | Charles Felix of Savoy | |
| Successor | Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy | |
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| Biography | ||
| Birth name | Charles Albert Amedee | |
| Birth | 2 October 1798 | |
 ( Turin, Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ) | ||
| Deaths | 28 July 1849 | |
.svg){kind=small} Porto ( Portugal ) | ||
| Father | Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie-Carignan | |
| Mother | Marie-Christine of Saxony | |
| Spouse (s) | Maria Theresa of Habsburg-Tuscany | |
| Descent | Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy  Ferdinand of Savoy Marie-Christine | |
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Charles Albert of Sardinia (or Carlo Alberto di Savoia to the Italians), born in Turin on 2 October 1798 and died in Oporto (Portugal) on 28 July 1849 , also known as Charles Albert of Savoy, because of membership of the House of Savoy , is a king of the nineteenth century.
In Italian Carlo Alberto Carlo Alberto or di Savoia, in Latin Carolus Albertus and Nice Carlou-Aubert.
Principal representative of the branch of Carignan, the son of Charles Emmanuel and Marie-Christine of Saxony became King of Sardinia in 1831 following the death without heir of his cousin Charles Felix of Savoy.
Summary |
The formation of the future king
His father was considered a noble liberal opponent of his cousin, the titular king. In 1800 , it is nevertheless deported to France by Napoleon Bonaparte, then master of northern Italy. Charles Albert was repoed in Geneva , in Vaucher, a disciple of Jean-Jacques Rousseau , and the School of Bourges and finally to Paris , where he is touched by revolutionary ideas. It draws liberal ideas and a passion for the independence of Italy.
Appointed deputy lieutenant of dragoons by Napoleon I in 1814 , the township of Counts Owners stitching. "
He retired in the fields of his family after the Congress of Vienna which recognizes him as Crown Prince of Sardinia in the absence of legitimate descendants of the elder branch of the House of Savoy.
In 1817 , he married Maria Theresa of Tuscany (daughter of Grand Duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany ), with whom he has three children:
- Victor Emmanuel II ( 1,820 - one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight ) who succeeded him,
- Ferdinand ( one thousand eight hundred twenty-two - one thousand eight hundred fifty-five ), Duke of Genoa , the future father of Queen Margaret (in honor of who was baptized a recipe for pizza : Margherita)
- Marie-Christine ( 1826 - 1827 ).
He commanded the artillery of the Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia where the insurgency broke out in 1821. It plays a major role when, following the abdication of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia , he became regent ( 13 March 1821 ) instead of the new king, Charles Felix , then at Modena. He immediately proclaimed a constitution modeled on that of the Spanish Cortes of 1812 , and established a junta provisional, but from the March 21 , he was forced to withdraw before the intervention of Austria.
Exiled in Tuscany , it is long out of favor. In 1823 , to forget his liberal actions, he participated in the Spanish expedition , intended to reduce the rebellion of the Spanish Liberals. He was appointed in 1829 the Viceroy of Sardinia.
King
Successor to the King of Sardinia Charles Felix of Savoy , who died childless in 1831 , it operates useful reforms, creates a council of state , restores the provincial councils. He had prepared a comprehensive code of criminal and civil laws and reorganized the royal armies of his kingdom.
In October 1847 , he decided the open court and the creation of a court of cassation.
Now the registry is the responsibility of Commons. Municipal councils are elected and provincial assemblies are formed of notables chosen to administer the provinces under the royal stewards.
He encouraged agriculture. The industry is growing (manufacturer of raw silk, wool in Biella , cotton, chemicals in Turin). In 1848 the railroad connecting Turin Moncalieri. In February 1848, he signed the letters patent , granting his subjects are not Catholic (first Vaudois Protestants, Protestants and Jews) the right of access to political office, to exercise liberal professions (notary, lawyer , doctor ...) and exploit the lands they have out of bounds when they were compelled to reside (ghetto, alpine valleys) In 1846 , it fell sharply customs duties. It encourages science.
In Savoy in 1836 , he together the boroughs of Conflans and Hospital in a single city, which takes the name of Albertville in his honor.
He abolished the feudal system, all measures that make it pleasing to the national party and modernize the kingdom.
But it shows much less favorable to the cause of liberty : in 1831 , he refused to hear Mazzini who asks him to head the movement for unification of Italy. He forcefully suppress (fifteen runs) uprisings of Chambery , in Turin , from Genoa and Alexandria. In 1834 , Republican Garibaldi is prohibited.
However, after the revolution of February 1848 , returning to the ideas of his youth, he abolished the absolute monarchy. He gives his subjects the 4 March 1848 , the Albertine Statute , Constitution of the Kingdom of Sardinia, marked by the liberal and democratic ideas: sharing power between the king and two meetings, one appointed by the king, the other elected suffrage (system copied the Charter of 1830 ). This constitution is (formally) in force until the Italian Constitution of 1948. He adopted the tricolor (that of the Cisalpine Republic ) struck the shield of Savoy in the center and named Cesare Balbo as prime minister.
He openly embraced the cause of independence and unity of Italy and supports its peoples arms insurgents in Lombardy , the Veneto , the duchies of Parma and Modena.
He first brilliant success, beat the Austrians at Pastrengo ( 30 April 1848 ), to Goito ( May 30 ) at Rivoli ( June 10 ) at Sommacampagna ( July 24 ), removes Pizzighettone , Peschiera , but poorly supported by troops in Lombardy , it is in turn lost to San Donato Milanese and Custoza by Marshal Radetzky ( August 4 ), is forced to hurriedly evacuate Milan , where he narrowly escaped being taken prisoner, and must seek an armistice Salasco (Piedmont) August 9, 1848.
Yielding to the demands of Democrats, who won elections in January 1849 , he unwisely again war at the expiration of the armistice (March 14, 1849), but that he no longer suffers setbacks: March 21 it loses, in spite of prodigies value, the battle of Novara. On 23 March he abdicated in favor of his son Victor Emmanuel II , who signed on March 24 the Armistice of Vignale. He emigrates, and died on 28 July 1849, Porto in Portugal , following a long illness.
In this deeply religious prince, one could say: "He fought like a hero, he lived as a monk and died a martyr. He encouraged the arts and sciences, and published at his own expense Monumenta historiss homelands, Turin , 1838 , etc..
See also
Sources partial
- Marie-Nicolas Bouillet and Alexis Chassang (ed.), "Charles Albert of Sardinia" in Universal Dictionary of History and Geography, 1878 References
- Source: Charles Albert of Savoy, King of Piedmont-Sardinia on www.19e.org
- "The horse scared money" seems to be a resumption of arms of Lower Saxony , the Dukes of Savoy had added to their own, claiming since the sixteenth century , must come from the House of Saxony. View Armorial of the House of Savoy
- Napoleonic Heraldry on www.heraldica.org.
Preceded by Charles Albert of Sardinia Followed by Charles-Emmanuel Prince de Carignan united kingdom Charles Felix King of Sardinia
Prince of Piedmont
Duke of Savoy
Victor Emmanuel II
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