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Chalcedon

Chalcedon (in ancient Greek / is a Greek city of Bithynia (now Turkey ), situated on the eastern entrance of the Euxine , opposite Byzantium and south of Chrysopolis (Scutari, now skdar). The Turkish city of Kadky is now located on the site of Chalcedon in the continuation of skdar.

/ / Situation

Pliny (v. 32) estimated its distance from Byzantium , founded later, at 7 stages (about 1242 m, a stage equivalent to 177.6 meters). Polybius for its part fixed at 14 stadiums (about 2484 m ). Its location is considered less favorable than that of Byzantium, has excited the comment of the Greek historians. Herodotus (IV, 144) reported as follows:

"A word that Megabyzus has made his name immortal among the inhabitants of the Hellespont. As in Byzantium, he learned that their town had built Chalcedonians seventeen years before the Byzantines had founded them. Thereupon, he said they were probably so blind, since otherwise they would not have chosen their city for an unpleasant situation, when it had a nicer. "

Polybius also says (IV, 44):

"Reaching Chalcedon by sea is an arduous undertaking, while the current takes you, willingly or unwillingly, to Byzantium. Here's proof: when, from Chalcedon, Byzantium is heading, it is impossible to navigate in a straight line because the current flowing through the strait. It must first along the side up and place Bous called Chrysopolis. From here only we let go with the flow, and one is irresistibly led to Byzantium. "

Today, the neighborhood of Istanbul with the name Kadky occupies the site of Chalcedon.

History

It was founded in 685 BC. BC as a colony of Megara. The city was then taken by the satrap Otanes (Herodotus V, 26), after the dispatch of Darius ^I against the Scythians. It is that part of Chalcedon, in the early Median wars , the bridge of boats set to invade Greece.

During the Peloponnesian War , Chalcedon welcomes Lamachus , one of three strategists sent to the Hellespont receive the tribute of the Delian League ( Thucydides , IV, 25, 2). However, the city then changes the camp, and hosts a harmost and a Spartan garrison. Alcibiades the besieged in 410 BC. BC , and defeated the satrap Pharnabazus rushed to defend the city.

Au ^second century BC. AD , it falls under the thumb of the kingdom of Bithynia and 145 , its inhabitants are forced to leave for Nicomedia.

The city returned to the Roman Empire after that Attalus III , king of Pergamum bequeathed his kingdom in 133 BC. AD

It belongs with the rest of the kingdom of Bithynia, the legacy of Nicomedes IV to the Roman Empire in 74 BC. BC It was invaded by Mithridates VI , which is then removed by Lucullus. Back into the fold of the Roman Empire , it becomes a free city.

Chacldoine hosts the fourth ecumenical council of Christians in 451 AD. AD , the Council of Chalcedon. She is a former bishop. Other meanings

The chalcedony (mineral) are also a variety of quartz.