Catholic Social
Social Catholicism is a doctrine that emerged after the French Revolution and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution , which aims to promote social policy in accordance with the teachings of the Church, or even building a new society based on Christian humanism, as opposed to liberalism economy.
The term "Social Catholicism" appears for the first time in 1890 but this current of thought is much older First generation ( 1820 - one thousand eight hundred twenty-five ) Social Catholicism was born in two circles: the reactionary opposition to political and economic liberalism and progressive circles, committed to democracy, but rejecting the economic liberalism. Some members of the reactionary (monarchist and Catholic), as opposed to political and economic liberalism from the French Revolution felt that the exploitation of workers is the result of the abolition of guilds occurred in 1791 ( Le Chapelier Act ). This first generation of Catholic social touched by the plight of workers and poverty, wants to help and advocate charity as an immediate solution. He was accused later of paternalism. In the longer term, she dreams of returning to a new Middle Ages idealized world of solidarity rural solidarity within corporations, simplicity of life, proximity to classes, etc.. An open to new ideas, which incorporates the ideas of liberals and socialists pre-Marxist (or utopian) has developed another form of social Catholicism which, schematically, preserves the gains of political liberalism, but rejects economic liberalism. It will develop a Christian socialism , for its part frankly Republican. Catholic personalities that focus primarily on poverty are working: Their thinking inspires multiple authors, some as Alexis de Tocqueville did not hesitate to take the developments related to the charity to highlight the relevance in a democratic society In 1848, Ozanam, Lacordaire and Buchez argue in their newspaper the New Era for a consideration of social deprivation. This generation of Catholicism and social stresses now is the lack of social justice, a concept which prevails now on charity. These ideas are reflected in conservative circles. Great thinkers of this generation are aristocrats or large landowners, foreign industrial world, which call for a Christianity of the masses. Solving social problems is with the Christianization. Their solution is to return to corporations These include: These are the works of Bishop Ketteler that allowed Albert de Mun discovering his social thought during his captivity in Germany. He founded the Catholic Workers' Circles ( 1871 ), was the instigator of most social legislation of the Third Republic , and participated in the formulation of the encyclical Rerum Novarum of Pope Leo XIII ( 1891 ). The third generation of social Catholicism, typically represented by Leon Harmel seems much more realistic because it understands and accepts the best industrial world. It has three main demands: a fair wage, the necessary intervention of the state to thwart free competition and the value of professional associations to defend the interests of workers (Christian Trade Unions). The ideas of these three generations, sometimes contradictory, are raising tensions in the Catholic world. The intervention of Pope Leo XIII with his Encyclical Rerum Novarum (which endorsed the proposals of the third generation) in 1891 marks the recognition of social Catholicism by the Holy See and the establishment of an official social doctrine of the Catholic Church. In developing his encyclical, Leo XIII was particularly supported the work of the Union of Fribourg , a circle of Catholic Social and Economic Studies from 1884 to 1891 gathered around Bishop Mermillod , Bishop of Lausanne and Geneva, inspiration including Rene de La Tour du Pin. The Catholic Charities social, political parties or trade unions will therefore multiply, sometimes in close connection with the Church: In France, there are: On the political front: On the religious and social: On the union with the CFTC was created in 1919 by the federation of several smaller unions earlier Christians. In the reactionary
In progressive circles
The years 1860-1880
The encyclical Rerum Novarum of Leo XIII (1891)
Main-Catholic social movements in 20th century
France
See also
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Ideas and Movements
Personalities
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