Cardinal Title
A title is a title associated Cardinals symbolically each cardinal of the Catholic Church to the Roman clergy and the clergy so the pope , bishop of Rome.
Summary |
Origin
In the early days of the Church, the pope, was elected bishop of Rome by the Roman clergy.
Where to strengthen its legitimacy and supremacy over the universal Church, the bishop of Rome was no longer elected by the clergy but by the Roman cardinals from all over Christendom, each cardinal was given a title related to the Roman clergy and testifying to its proximity and its submission to the bishop of Rome.
This title, or titulus , has been attributed to the Cardinals on the day of creation. This link with the city of Rome is primarily symbolic, the Cardinal not interfering in the lives of the church that bears the title, even if a ceremony of possession often takes place a few weeks or months after the creation Cardinal.
diaconie, parishes and dioceses
Each cardinal is thus allocated deacons, parish, or one of seven dioceses Suburban. The church to which is attached to the track is then decorated with the arms of its owner in addition to those of the pope, the bishop of Rome. Cardinal holder may also exercise a function of patron and fundraiser to contribute to the maintenance or renovation of his church.
These three types characterized as three orders of cardinals cardinal-deacons, cardinal priests and cardinal-bishops.
diaconie
Diaconie, heirs of the fourteen Deaconries of primitive Rome, are assigned to cardinal deacons. As a deacon in the church has a ministry to the community, the cardinal deacon is usually used in a cardinal services curia.
After ten years in the order of cardinal deacons, cardinal can choose to be high in the order of cardinal priests. In this case, the diaconate is elevated pro hac vice, that is to say for the occasion, the status of parish, even to the death of its owner.
Diaconie now number about sixty.
Parishes
The cardinal-priests, often from major archbishops from around the world and who constitute the vast majority of the College of Cardinals , are assigned a Roman parish. Their title of priest recalls their mission pastor for a particular church.
Dioceses Suburban
In addition Deaconries parishes and seven titles of the seven Episcopal dioceses immediately surrounding the diocese of Rome, called Suburban dioceses , are also attributed to the cardinals, although each retains its dioceses headed by a "mere" bishop. The Cardinals are never created in the order of bishops. Episcopal titles are assigned by the pope after the death of their previous owner, a cardinal of the order of priests, deacons or more rarely, which lost its title of priests or deacons.
The seven dioceses are
- Ostia ,
- Palestrina ,
- Sabina ,
- Porto-Santa Rufina ,
- Albano ,
- Frascati ,
- Velletri-Segni
Since 1914, the title of cardinal-bishop of Ostia is combined with the title of cardinal-bishop of the order of cardinal bishops elected by his peers dean of the college of cardinals so there are really only six cardinal bishops who are assigned the seven dioceses Suburban, plus cardinal patriarchs, from the Eastern churches attached to Rome, which rank of cardinal bishops, but does not see the title attribute.
Titles Reserved
Titles cardinals are assigned, generally, by distributing the securities vacant at the time of the presbyteries in which the new cardinals are created. However, for various reasons, some parishes are traditionally attributed to the Cardinals from some major countries or archbishops.
Mention may in particular:
- The title of the Trinity Mountains , attached to one of the French churches in Rome, has been consistently attributed to a French cardinal, often the archbishop of Lyon since the late eighteenth century.
- The title of Saints Boniface and Alexis is, since 1905, driven by Brazilian cardinals.
- The title of St. Callistus has been awarded since 1924, as archbishop of Naples.
- The title of St. John-St Paul is attributed to the archbishop of New York since 1946.
- The title of St. Louis of the French has always been worn by the archbishop or archbishop emeritus of Paris since its inception in 1956.
- The title of St. Mark has worn since 1962 by the patriarchs and ancient patriarchs of Venice
- The title of St. Patrick is carried by the Archbishop or the Archbishop Emeritus of Armagh , primate of Ireland since its inception in 1965.
- The title of Notre-Dame du Saint-Sacrement-et-des-Saints-Martyrs-Canadiens returns since its inception in 1965, a Canadian cardinal.
- The title of Beata Maria Vergine Addolorata a piazza Buenos Aires has always been awarded since its inception in 1967, the cardinals of Argentina.
- The title of San Girolamo dei Croatia is worn by archbishops since 1983 (or archbishop emeritus) of Zagreb
- The title of Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli established in 2003 and awarded for the first time Carlos Amigo Vallejo should remain assigned to the Spanish cardinals.
- The title of San Corbiniano created in 2010 and awarded for the first time Reinhard Marx should remain linked to the metropolitan see of Munich.
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