Cardinal Point
In geography , a cardinal point is one of the four main directions of a compass on a map: north , is , south and west.
Summary |
Compass Rose
The cardinal points are represented on maps with a compass , north is usually highlighted, for example by lengthening or dye differently the tip of the rose which indicates. Most commonly, the top of a map is north, down south, right and left is west.
In addition to the four cardinal points, it is possible to construct intermediate points (or inter cardinal points):
| Abbreviation | Point | Azimuth | Radians |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | North | 0 | 0 |
| NNE | north-northeast | 22.5 | / 8 |
| NE | Northeast | 45 | / 4 |
| ENE | east-north-east | 67.5 | 3 / 8 |
| E | is | 90 | / 2 |
| ESE | east-south-east | 112.5 | 5 / 8 |
| SE | Southeast | 135 | 3 / 4 |
| SSE | south-southeast | 157.5 | 7 / 8 |
| S | South | 180 | |
| SSO | south-southwest | 202.5 | 9 / 8 |
| SO | Southwest | 225 | 5 / 4 |
| OSO | west-southwest | 247.5 | 11 / 8 |
| O | West | 270 | 3 / 2 |
| ONO | west-northwest | 292.5 | 13 / 8 |
| NO | northwest | 315 | 7 / 4 |
| NSN | north-northwest | 337.5 | 15 / 8 |
| N | North | 360 | 2 |
Cultural elements
In traditional Chinese culture, from the Far East or certain cultures of Central Asia, the center - or the environment - is considered a 5 th cardinal point. Each direction is often associated with a color and place names may refer to this color rather than on behalf of the corresponding direction .
In America, some cultures also include the center among the cardinal points, others have up to seven: north, south, east, west, sky (equivalent to the zenith ), land (equivalent to nadir ), and middle. The world axis (axis mundi) is the 5 th cardinal point from shamanic cultures, the link between two worlds: the Earth and Heaven, the world of the living and the spirit world. It can be represented by a staircase, a series of arrows, a ladder, a tree, a snake ... Among the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent represents well the link between Heaven and Earth: the snake crawling on the earth, and the bird flying in the air.
Other cultures make use of other benchmarks, such as towards the sea or mountains ( Hawaii , Bali ), or downstream or upstream ( Yurok , Karoke ).
If the north, currently, is generally indicated by the top card, it has not necessarily been so consistently. Some old maps show the north down to the card in Christian countries, the top of the map was oriented towards the east, more precisely, to Jerusalem , which is the holy city of Christianity. Currently, reversed cards are used in some countries of the southern hemisphere.
In Norse mythology , north, south, east and west (north, Sudi, and osten westen) are the four dwarf responsible for supporting over the firmament. Orientation marine port and starboard comes as the Vikings.
Typography
The cardinal points are the subject of typographic special.
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