Canons Of The Church
The various Christian churches do not recognize the same canonical books. Here's a detailed list of their choice to know in which order these books are classified according to the various editions of the Bible, we must look to the Hebrew Bible and the Septuagint.
Besides those items listed in the table below, some churches have particular regard to the translations used. The canonization of a translation is particularly pertinent in churches where the historical-critical study of the text is discouraged or prohibited.
Summary |
Today's Bible NIV , translation performed in the late nineteenth century by the Protestant of the same name, and the Catholic Bible says "Jerusalem" but also the other Catholic Bible says "all peoples "which are undoubtedly in its various editions, the most widely read Bibles throughout the Francophonie. The first, mainly because it is free of charge and thereby put online. The Bible King James Version has undergone a revision in 2000 with a critical apparatus extremely interesting in that, unlike most other translations, footnotes provide the etymology of the page or text with its original word word. This revision has been heavily criticized by the circles evangelicalism. When the famous and very famous Bible, Churches of the Reformation
Protestant editions of the Bible published in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries , according to Jerome , the only books that Protestants call the Apocrypha in the wake of the Old Testament. With the development of Bible societies and publishing in number for evangelism, they disappeared for convenience in the nineteenth century. Protestant churches today do not favor a particular translation, even if they were attached to one of them (most francophone eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to Ostervald and twentieth to Segond, other Darby, etc..). Bible societies publish in several, the type of translation varies according to their intended use: study editions (NASB, NRSV ), literary (Bayard), with limited vocabulary (Fluent French, Word of Life), for proclamation, etc.. It follows that the faithful, committed to Bible reading, have several editions and can find the Deuterocanonical in editions Catholic or interfaith (NRSV, Jerusalem, Bayard, etc..).
Roman Catholic Church
The Council of Trent confirmed the books called Deuterocanonical Catholic in the collection of the Old Testament , and in accordance with the reading habits in the Christian West from the councils of Carthage, Hippo, and Rome in the fourth century ae
Eastern Churches
The barrel of the New Testament is not the same for all Christian denominations. Some Eastern Christian churches recognize the Diatessaron of Tatian and experiencing Epistle of Paul to the Spartans.
Latin Churches
List all the books of the New Testament exists in the current decree Damasus from the Synod of Rome in 382. The adoption of the long list of the canon of books of the Old Testament is confirmed by the Councils of Carthage in 397 and 419.
The gun is made in the late fourth century. The influence of Augustine of Hippo , who defended (unlike Jerome Stridon ) and in accordance with the tradition of the Septuagint , and also the tradition of the Vetus Latina ) the canonicity of controversial books was important. Indeed it is at the Council of Carthage and Hippo in the year 393 and 397 that was clearly determined the canon of books of the Catholic Bible today. The Qumran manuscripts, discovered in 1947 and dating from the first century AD, so the time of Jesus, show that all the books found in Catholic and Orthodox Bibles were read by the Jews, since all these books were found written in Greek but also Hebrew. For example, the book of Tobit (Jewish Bibles missing since the year 90 and the famous decision of the council of Jewish Jamia deciding which books were inspired or not for the Jews, later taken by the Protestants) was found in this Jewish library intact at Qumran, Israel, written in Hebrew, then it is present in Greek in the Septuagint. However, Gregory the Great , Hugh of St. Victor , Nicolas de Lyre , Cajetan result strongly confirms that canonicity about them. Pope Gregory was forced to recall a decree firmly in the fifth century, the canonicity of the book of the Apocalypse, which was not retained in the churches of the East!
For the Catholic Church Roman, the Council of Trent ( 1,545 - 1 563 ) which finally confirmed the canon of Scripture, distinguishing the inspired books, those who are not. This decision was endorsed because of the Holy Tradition, that is to say, because of the use for 1200 years in the Church, which can not be wrong all this time. In its Fourth Session in 1546 , the Council of Trent gave the list of sacred books to be received by all (names and functions of the books are the traditional names and functions, they are not necessarily authentic). The Catechism of the Catholic Church (1991) speaks of "full list" (No. 120).
Greek Churches
In the mid- third century , opposition to apocalyptic literature was part of the fight against millenarianism Montanist attested by Eusebius of Caesarea and by Gregory Nazianzen , Amphilochius of Iconium (d. 896 ) who says of the Apocalypse : "Some accept it but most say inauthentic."
In his Festal Letter XXXIX, in 367, Athanasius of Alexandria cites twenty-seven books of the New Testament. It indicates that the books that will later be called Deuterocanonical by Catholics and the Doctrine of the Twelve Apostles (the Didache ), and the Shepherd of Hermas , now ranked among the writings of the Apostolic Fathers , are not included in the canon but must be "read".
The canonicity of the Apocalypse was even discussed in the fifth century and sixth century. It was Pope Gregory asserted that all his authority, the canonicity of this book in 419, contrary opinions Oriental.
For the Old Testament , where almost all the Apostolic Fathers followed the Septuagint , there was resistance vis--vis the books that were not in the Jewish canon, in particular from Justin (he has not written anything cons these books Deuterocanonical. Except as to defend his Christian faith, for the Jews who accused the company of corompre with his sect, he wanted to demonstrate the divinity of Jesus by the Jews recognized only books, so the Hebrew canon) and Melito Sardis , then the part of Origen , Eusebius of Caesarea , Athanasius of Alexandria , Cyril of Jerusalem , Epiphanius of Salamis , Gregory Nazianzen. The Council of Laodicea retains only the books of the Hebrew Bible to the Old Testament, and not also kept a few books of our New Testament today; This council was held in the year 279. So during the fourth century that the biblical canon froze permanently in the West, with all the books now called "Deuterocanonical" (since the sixteenth century only), and with all the New Testament books shared by all faiths say Christian (Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant). It was not until the year 1531 in the West, or 1200 years later, that Luther himself decided to review the list of the canon of the churches, founding the "reform" so-called Protestant. Indeed, Luther disrepute all decisions taken by the councils, (so therefore by the bishops by the Pope), founded a doctrine of faith which revised all the doctrinal decisions of the past, and thus also that of the biblical canon.
The Greeks eventually accept the entire Western canon at the council in Trullo in 692 , that is to say, all the books found in Catholic Bibles, so the Deuterocanonical and also recommended reading books 3 and 4 Ezra , 3 and 4 Maccabees, Psalm 151, Prayer of Manasseh.
canonicity is still struggling to these cities in the so-called orthodox churches, Orthodox churches since Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Romanian, have only recognized the Deuterocanonical books and reject others. Only the Greek Orthodox Church recognized the canonical books of Ezra 3 and 4, 3 and 4 Maccabees, Psalm 151, and Prayer of Manasseh.
Ethiopian Church
The Church Ethiopian Orthodox church has all the Christian biblical canon widest, which includes the Book of Jubilees and the Book of Enoch.
Reformed Churches
The Protestants have no doctrinal institution and therefore not official canon.
Luther said uninspired books Deuterocanonical of the Old Testament as well as several of the New Testament (the Epistle of Jacques , one of Jude and the Apocalypse ), he regarded as useful, however.
After him, Protestants, never having followed only partially adopted the canon of the Hebrew Bible for the Old Testament and, generally, the same gun that Catholics for the New Testament.
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Latter-day Saints believe that the Bible is the word of God insofar as it translated correctly (8 tharticle of faith ). Anglophones use the King James version, the French Segond 1910. In his time, Joseph Smith saw the translation of Martin Luther as the most correct of all. The Apocrypha are not part of the canon of Scripture but are considered in the Church, as useful to read. According to Doctrine and Covenants 91:1-6, the Apocrypha are mostly translated correctly but contain interpolations incorrect and may be beneficial for those who are enlightened by the Spirit.
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