Caliphate Of Cordoba
The Caliphate of Cordoba was the caliphate which reigned in the western branch of the Umayyads the Umayyads of Cordoba , a competitor of the Abbasids in the Islamic civilization at its peak. Reached its maximum extension over 80% of the Iberian Peninsula , and follows the Muslim invasions in Western Europe.
The name corresponding to the Western caliphate Cordoba , opposed the located in Baghdad , during the period of their coexistence.
History of al-Andalus  |
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| 711 to 756 The Conquest |
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756 - 1031 The Umayyads of Cordoba |
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1031-1086 The Taifa |
1086-1147 The Almoravids |
1147-1226 Almohads |
1238 - 1492 The Kingdom of Granada |
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| Reconquista |
| Related Topics |
| Rulers of al-Andalus |
| Science and technology |
| Maps of al-Andalus |
Summary |
History
Origin
The Muslim conquest of Spain was made in 711 and conquered territories have subsequently been made in the emirates Umayyad under the authority of the caliphs of Damascus. The Umayyads were deposed in 750 by the Abbasids who founded their own dynasty. To ensure the survival of the new dynasty, almost all members of the Umayyad dynasty were massacred, but the Prince Abd al-Rahman I managed to escape and reach Spain. He established a new dynasty at Cordoba and the country becomes, in 756 , an independent emirate. On 16 January 929 Abd al-Rahman III overcomes the political and religious authority of Baghdad by granting themselves the titles of caliph. The State of the Umayyads of Cordoba was transformed and, in Caliphate which will exist until 1031. In 932 , Toledo fell to the Umayyads of Cordoba after a siege which has inflicted a terrible famine to the people. The caliphate is entering a period of peace and prosperity. Around 950 , Abd al-Rahman III carries his authority over the Maghreb from Tangier to Algiers. He faces attacks by the Fatimids. In 955 , the diplomat Hasdai ben Shatprut is sent with another emissary to negotiate a peace treaty with King Ordoo III of Asturias. The Duke of Castile in turn accepts a peace agreement. On the death of Ordoo III in the fall 956 , his brother the king of Len Sancho I the Fat refuses to honor the peace treaty. The war resumed between Christians and Muslims, and Sancho was beaten severely during the summer 957. Overthrown by Ordoo IV in 958 , Sancho obtained using the Caliph of Cordoba to regain his throne, two years later, and renew the peace.
Fulfillment
Abd al-Rahman III transforms and beautifies Cordoba and fixed his residence at Madinat al-Zahra , a city created for its favorite Zahra eight kilometers from Cordoba. Under his reign and that of his successor al-Hakam II , al-Andalus knows prosperity Collapse On the death of Almanzor in 1002 , the Caliphate of Cordoba begins to decline while the military appoints and dismisses the caliphs. The civil war broke out in the death of his son Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar in 1008. The Berbers, Arabs, Slavs and Spanish compete for power. Cordova was sacked by the Christians in 1009. Madinat al-Zahra , the caliph's residence near Cordova, was destroyed by Berbers in 1013. From 1023 , Abbad I , qadi (judge) declares independence from Seville and founded the kingdom, he enlarged abbadide before his death. In 1027 , the Cordoba locked up the last Umayyad caliph in a room with his daughter he adored. They lack of starvation before being released. Following its break from 1031 , the Caliphate is shared between 23 independent petty kings ( Reyes de Taifa , muluk at tawaif). Their governors proclaimed emirs and binding of diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms. Agriculture remains traditional (cereals, olives, grapes) but the Arabs have improved irrigation systems in the valleys and coastal areas and have developed cultures of the fig tree, the sugar , the lemon, banana, the date palm ( Elche ), aromatic and dye plants (saffron, madder, coriander, henna) and textiles (linen and cotton). Spain produces minerals: gold ( Lleida , Granada ), silver ( Murcia , Beja ), iron ( Guadalquivir ), copper ( Toledo , Elvira ), lead, marble ( Sierra Morena ), onyx ( Grenada ), gemstones. It manufactures weapons ( Toledo ), working with glass and leather ( Cordoba ). It sells oil and fabrics to buy grain. Slaves from eastern Europe by Verdun , pass it to be sent to the East. Cordoba is with Baghdad and Constantinople one of the three largest cities in the world, with nearly 250 000 inhabitants Culture The official language of al-Andalus is the Arabic and all subjects are Arabic names regardless of their faiths. The Jews remain faithful to the Hebrew and Mozarabic in Latin. Jews who travel to Constantinople and Alexandria also know the Greek. Abd al-Rahman III (himself a great-grand-son of the king of Navarre Fortun Garces ) has good relations with Jews and Christians. Its Recemundo advisor and friend, Bishop of Cordoba, "Rabbi Bin Zaid." The Caliph took heart to convene itself councils. Her doctor is a Sephardic Jew Hasdai ibn Shatprut , both philosopher and poet, who translated into Arabic Materia Medica, a manuscript of the Greek physician Dioscorides (of Arnazarbe ), sent by the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. Hasdai encourages other Jewish intellectuals, poets and scholars, whose manuscript we have produced (Al-Turtusi Jacob, Thursday Sheshet ben, ben Labrat Dunash, Saruq Menahem ben Moses ben Hanoch, etc..). They communicate with the center of rabbinical Babylon which develops the final version of the Talmud under the auspices of Saadia Gaon. Al-Hakam II brings together a library of over 400,000 volumes. He sends his agents around the world looking for rare books. This work will enable the transmission of Greco-Roman legacy in the West. Almanzor created a school of poetry in Cordoba, but excretes the library of al-Hakam books he deems suspect of heresy. Important characters
Economy
See also
References
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