Borders Of Israel
| Borders of Israel | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Features | |
| Delimits |  Israel  Egypt  Jordan  Lebanon  Syria Palestine (State claimed) |
| Total length | 1 017 km |
| Specials | Borders are not recognized by the majority of Arab-Muslim annexations condemned by the international community |
| History | |
| Creation | Arab-Israeli war of 1948-1949 |
| Current route | Internationally recognized border that adds the annexation of East Jerusalem and the Golan. |
change  | |
Israel's borders are not defined and recognized unanimously by the international community. They have been amended several times since the creation of the state in 1948.
The borders with Egypt in the south-west and with Jordan in the east have been recognized agreements by the protagonists. However, the borders with Lebanon and Syria to the north, especially with Palestine continue to fuel regional tensions.
Summary |
Present boundaries
The current borders of Israel are not clearly defined and do not enjoy international recognition of all countries of the world.
The internationally recognized borders, such as when he was admitted to the United Nations are those so-called "1967" and follow the armistice lines of the Arab-Israeli war of 1948. They are however not recognized in the Arab-Muslim world with the exception of Egypt, the Palestinian Authority and Jordan.
The Golan Heights and East Jerusalem were annexed by Israel in 1982 and it carries the civil administration. However, these annexations have been condemned by the entire international community and their occupation is considered illegal.
Israel occupies the West Bank where she also has a military administration over part of the region. The international community sees this as an "occupied territory" and Israel sees it as a "disputed territory".
Palestinian State
The delimitation of the border between Israel and a future Palestinian state remains a major litigation in the context of fixing Israel's borders. Much of the Arab world refuses to recognize Israel for lack of a peace agreement between Israelis and Palestinians, and some states, like Iran and groups like Hezbollah and Hamas, openly deny legitimacy.
During the process of Israeli-Palestinian peace between 1988 and 2001, various agreements have been ratified giving autonomy on certain areas but they have not produced an overall agreement.
Since 2001, Israel built a separation barrier in which some commentators have attempted to draw a de facto border that the Israeli government rejects this thesis. In 2005, Israel has unilaterally evacuated the Gaza Strip and part of the West Bank.
The vision of the negotiators of the quartet is the final demarcation of borders between Israel and a future Palestinian state must be an agreement between the parties. They pushed the Palestinian Authority not to unilaterally declare a Palestinian state on the frontier in 1967 "but to encourage negotiation. Late 2010, several South American states, however, recognized the State of Palestine with East Jerusalem as its capital.
History
The beginnings
In the late nineteenth century , the Zionist movement campaigning for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine but with opposition from local Arab populations.
24 July 1922, the League of Nations ratified the Palestine Mandate , as amended by the White Paper of 1922. The mandate provides for the establishment of a "Jewish national home" within the Palestine west of Jordan .
Arab and Jewish nationalism in Palestine clash violently without the British did manage to bring peace. several solutions are proposed without the agreement of the parties. Following the Arab Revolt of 1939 , a new white paper calls into question the establishment of a "Jewish national home" in Palestine and provides for independence instead of a unitary state within 10 years or failing agreement , the call for arbitration by the League of Nations.
On 29 November 1947 , the UN General Assembly votes on the partition plan for Palestine defining the boundaries of future Arab and Jewish states in Palestine.
This plan is rejected by the Palestinian Arabs and the Arab League but accepted by the Jewish Agency. Immediately after the vote, the civil war broke out in Palestine.
Birth of Israel (May 1948)
On 15 May 1948 , after the Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel , several states in the world, including the United States and the Soviet Union , de facto recognize Israel within the borders set by the Partition Plan UN.
Following the Arab-Israeli war of 1948-1949 , these boundaries are changing. Israel conquered the entire Galilee to the Lebanese border, the cities of Jaffa , Lydda and Ramle (now Lod ), a corridor between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem and West Jerusalem , strips of land more or less wide around the West Bank, the coastal plain to the Gaza Strip and the Negev part attributed to the Arab state.
The UN and most Western countries recognize Israel in the territories set by the armistice lines of 1949. These boundaries are not recognized by all Arab and Muslim countries. It usually refers as "the internationally recognized borders of Israel", the " green line "or" 1967 borders "(meaning, before the war of 1967).
Six-Day War (June 1967)
In June 1967 , following the Six Day War , Israel took control of the Sinai , the Gaza Strip , the West Bank from East Jerusalem and Golan (including Shebaa Farms ).
Peace Accords between Israel and Egypt (1977-79)
After long and difficult negotiations, 26 March 1979, Anwar el-Sadat and Menachem Begin signed the peace treaty that makes the former border between Egypt and Palestine, the new international border between their countries .
The treaty does not specify borders between Israel and a hypothetical Palestinian state. He stated that the border is drawn "without prejudice (...) status of Gaza Strip" and also that each party must respect "the sovereignty, territorial integrity and the right of the other to live in peace "in" safe and recognized borders, "implying that the other borders are not fixed and can evolve .
In two phases over three years, Israel evacuated the Sinai which is largely demilitarized, and the two countries established diplomatic relations .
Israeli Annexations (1981)
The Golan , and including the Shebaa Farms , was annexed by Israel in 1981 .
East Jerusalem was annexed .
Process Israeli-Palestinian peace (1988 - 2001)
Between 1988 and 2001, Israelis and Palestinians began negotiations to normalize their relationship. These negotiations resulted in partial agreements on the border between the two states.
Following the Oslo Accords in 1993, the Palestinian Authority recognized the State of Israel in its 1967 borders. This agreement was ratified by the Palestinian parliament in 1995 , .
Agreements between Israel and Jordan
The five countries bordering Israel
Israeli-Egyptian Border
The border between Israel and Egypt stretching from the Gulf of Aqaba to the Gaza Strip. With the exception of coastal areas, desert areas are located between the mountainous desert of the Negev Desert and Sinai.
Israeli-Jordanian Border
The border between Jordan and Israel is split in two by the West Bank. North, it begins a few miles south of Lake Tiberias , at the mouth of the Yarmuk and Jordan following. To the south, the northern part of the Dead Sea is shared between the two states and the boundary follows a straight line to the Gulf of Aqaba.
This is the lowest boundary of the planet.
Israeli-Syrian Border
Israel-Lebanon Border
The Israeli-Lebanese border extends over a hilly and wooded land between the Mediterranean and the triple point where it meets the border between the two countries and Syria not far from the river Ouazzani , a tributary of the river Hatzbani who throws him even in Jordan.
It is governed by the armistice agreement of 1948 between Israel and Lebanon.
Between 1982 and 1985 , following the Operation Peace for Galilee , Israel occupied the territories in southern Lebanon .
These territories are under indirect control of Israel until 2000 following the occupation of a "security zone" between the Litani and the border of northern Israel by the South Lebanon Army , a militia of Lebanese Christian ally Israel.
Following the Israel-Lebanon conflict of 2006 , the Israeli military has operated ground attacks in parts of Lebanon and then retreated to the arrival of the Lebanese Forces and UNIFIL to replace them in accordance with Resolution 1701 the Security Council UN.
If the Zionist movement and later David Ben Gurion had claimed that the Litani to serve as Israel's northern border, or that we founded a buffer state between Lebanon and Israel Israeli-Palestinian Border Notes
References
Bibliography
See also
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