Book Of Psalms
The Book of Psalms (Sefer Tehillim in Hebrew , is a book of the Bible Jewish, the first section of the , according to the canon of the Hebrew Bible. In the Old Testament Christians, instead of the Psalter has varied. She has set the thirteenth century between the book of Job and the Book of Proverbs. The word "psalm" comes from the Greek (Psalmos) which means a tune played on the harp.
Summary |
Composition of the Book of Psalms
Place in the Bible
In the Gospel according to Luke (24:44), that all the Ketuvim (Writings) that the word "psalms" refers Cutting and numbering Each Psalm is a spiritual self. The Book of Psalms is divided into 150 Psalms canonical since the beginning of the Christian era, among Jews as among Christians, although their number and their cutting is subject to many variations in the original Hebrew tradition and in the Septuagint. The Dead Sea Scrolls include Psalms 155, 5 more are considered "non-canonical". The order of the Psalms differs greatly from all other versions. Until the late fifteenth century about the psalms of the Hebrew Psalter were cited by the numbers of those of the Septuagint, also identical to those of Latin versions in use. This numbering is therefore well before the capitulation of the Bible Revised XIII century. Since the late fifteenth century alone, cutting the Psalms differs slightly between versions Hebrew (the Masoretic text ) and Greek (the Septuagint ): Traditions Christian vary: Most manuscripts of the Septuagint also include a Psalm 151 , also present in some manuscripts of the Roman Psalter and the Psalter alcuinienne Gallican version, but omitted by most Psalters from the XIII century , some Syriac manuscripts contain the Psalms 151-155. A Hebrew version close to that of Psalms 151 to 153 was found in the Dead Sea Scrolls. For the rest of this article, the numbering of modern Hebrew Psalms is used unless stated otherwise. Tradition ascribes to the King David , but many modern critics believe it is a collective composition and anonymous. Most Psalms are prefaced by introductory words (frequently between different version Masoretic and Septuagint ) attributing to a particular author, or recalling the circumstances of their composition, with only 73 of these introductions are named as author David. Moreover, the Psalms were not "lying on parchment before the sixth century BC. AD , almost five centuries after the supposed date of David's reign (about 1000 AEC), they were probably transmitted orally. Psalms 39, 62 and 77 are related to Yedouthoun , singing his way or in his choir. Psalms 50 and 73-83 are associated with Asaph , master of his choir, to sing in worship of God. The "son of Korah "had the task of arranging and singing the Psalms 42, 44-49, 84, 85, 87, 2 Chron. 8:19 p.m. suggests that this group formed the chorus of singers korathites. However, Joel M. Hoffman Hebraist suggests that Psalm 49 could be a Psalm of "anti-corruption", not "for Korah" but "against Korah. " Psalm 18 can also be found, with minor variations, 2 Samuel 22, which is why it is called, in accordance with the naming convention used elsewhere in the parties 'historical' in the Bible, the Song of David. In Jewish tradition, the Psalter is divided, by analogy with the Pentateuch , into five books, each ending with a doxology or benediction: Psalm 136 is usually called "the Great Hallel." However, the Talmud in this definition includes Psalms 120-135. Psalms 113 to 118 inclusive, constitute the Hallel , recited at the three major festivals ( Passover , the Jewish Pentecost and the Feast of Tabernacles ), the new moon , and during eight days of Hanukkah. The Dead Sea Scrolls are a slightly different version of Psalm 136. Psalms 120-134 are the Hymns of Degrees , would have sung the pilgrims as they approached the steps ("degrees") of the Temple. The Psalm 119 is the longest Psalm. It consists of 176 verses , in groups of eight, each beginning with one of the 22 Hebrew letters. Other Psalms are also built "al pi aleph-bet" (in acrostic on the alphabet). Psalm 117, with two verses, is the shortest Psalm. The textual study showed that groups of psalms could be classified together because of similarities. The main forms are: There is no mention in the ritual introduced by the Torah of Moses from a place of singing in the worship of God. The earliest references to this subject appear at the time of David, which is consistent with the fact that authorship of the Psalms is attributed. Some titles of the Psalms suggest their use worship: LeDavid mikhtam: Our masters have taught (Sotah 10b, Midrash Tehillim 16:1): However, the sequence of the verse does not lend itself to being interpreted by the Midrash. Psalms were prefaced , which can be interpreted: This song is from David, who was poor and perfect, but here where it says , this can be interpreted that way. So I say it is one of the names of various types of melodies and variations in the music. The Psalms are important in Jewish worship. Several serve as an introduction to a moment of prayer: The Psalms are also part of the funeral ritual : when a Jew dies, a vigil is organized around its body and Tehillim are recited continuously at the sun or a candle up to the funeral to elevate her soul. If, historically, this vigil was organized by relatives of the deceased (according to "towers" of custody), this role is currently provided by a member of the Chevra Kaddish local. Many Jews travel the Book of Psalms in a month or a week, every week and say a Psalm linked to the events of the week or the weekly section of the Torah. The Hasidim (and Lubavitch in particular) read the book in its entirety before the morning service, during the Shabbat preceding the onset of the calculated new moon. The 116 direct quotations from the Book of Psalms in the New Testament may be presumed that they were familiar to the Judean community in the time of Jesus. The book of Psalms, according to the Gospel of Luke and the epistles of Paul, is interpreted by Christians as a prophecy of Christ's mysteries. This had important implications for the exegesis of the Fathers of the Church, theology and especially the liturgy of all Christian churches. Monasticism was the incessant recitation of Psalms the raw material of constant prayer and Liturgy of the Hours. The Fathers of the Church have continued this approach because since the fourth century, the book of Psalms became the foundation of the Christian liturgy. The clergy and Christians will continue this practice in later centuries. Although the Septuagint Psalter contains 151 psalms, Christian usage still recognizes that 150 (Psalm 151 is never read in church or in the East or the West). Christian reading of Psalms The Psalter is considered a summary of all Scripture, and over the Psalms, we see mentioned the history of salvation: the creation of Israel's history, the life of Christ ( Incarnation , Nativity , Baptism in Jordan Temptation in the desert, Transfiguration , Passion , Cross, Descent into Hell, Resurrection , Ascension , Pentecost , universal lordship, Parousia , Redemption , Universality of salvation, The Holy Spirit , The Church, Mother of God), prayers, according the circumstances of life, the sacraments of the Church ( Baptism , Eucharist , Marriage ) ... Thus, for Christ's Resurrection (the Lord "stands up"), it indicates the Psalms 8, 15, 29, 64, 75, 109 114, 117. As such, the Psalms are particularly used in the liturgy and the monastic office. Since its origins, the corpus of chants from the Roman Liturgy (Mass antiphonal and office) is woven mostly borrowings from the Psalms. Until the reforms of Vatican II, the Psalms, recited as such, constituted the bulk of the Liturgy of the Hours (or brvaire in popular parlance), the Psalter is sung in full each week by the monks and clergy, regular and Secular. Today, the Psalter is divided into four weeks in the Roman Office, on one or two weeks in the monastic office. It has lost its dominant status in the liturgy of the Roman office hours. The priests, deacons, religious men and women celebrate every day the Liturgy of the Hours , with a book based on the Psalms. At Mass, since the Council Vatican II , a psalm is read every mass. 80 psalms are offered in three years to the faithful every Sunday. If the Reformation Lutheran Church has developed very soon other songs for worship (choir), the Calvinism was limited to singing in unison with the Psalms in the national languages (cf. French in the Geneva Psalter , p.exe .). The praise that opens the weekly worship, and which can consist of a psalm or psalms extracts, is generally accompanied by singing a psalm, the melodies often known sixteenth century. One can naturally sing at other times of worship. Moreover, the Book of Psalms is a book of the Bible, preaching (or sermon) can naturally include an excerpt from this book, like any other biblical book. For personal or family worship, there are many lists of biblical readings, most of which involves reading a psalm a day in addition to another text. As with other books of the Bible, the Eastern Churches use the Greek version of the Septuagint , or at least translations of this text. The numbering followed in this section corresponds to that of the Septuagint, not the Masoretic text. In most Eastern rites, the organization and structure of the psalms have many variations. The Psalms were often replaced by hymns and prayers of type ecclesiastical history for the agency and its organization, particularly in the Eastern Churches, cf. R. Taft, The Liturgy of the Hours in East and West, Collegeville, 1993. Currently, during Matins and Vespers of the monastic office, the Psalter is read entirely during the week (and twice a week during Great Lent), but this part of the office is often omitted in practice parish. It is divided into twenty sections (cathismata) themselves divided into three stichologies or stanzas. The term "cathismata" (Greek for "sitting") means parts of the office during which you can sit (since in general, prayer is standing in the Orthodox Church). Sources Many hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are inspired Psalms. In the Koran and Islam , the Book of Psalms is called the Psalms , which, according to Muslim tradition, one of three books revealed by Allah before the Qur'an, the others being the Torah ( Torah ) and Injil (the Gospels ). The Qur'an mentions 3 times the Psalms, entrusted to David In Sura 14, it refers to the first psalm as found today. Many psalms were set to music, Latin or other languages. Many works, sometimes very well known, are named after the first verse of the psalm to have in music, which means that their origin in the Psalms is often unknown. We can cite the following examples:
The manuscripts of the Hebrew Psalter does not numrotent psalms before 1494 (first printed edition). They just distinguish them by a paragraph. The Septuagint cons by their assigned a serial number from his writing. Count Masoretic Count of the Septuagint 1-8 9-10 9 11-113 10-112 114-115 113 116 114-115 117-146 116-145 147 146-147 148-150 Authors and ascriptions
Sections of the book
Form of Psalms
Use of Psalms in Jewish ritual
Another explanation is an expression of coronation as , which means that David was accustomed to say "Oh God, keep me because I took refuge in You" and that this was for him a crown, as says (5:13): 'You will crown him with the will. " The Psalms in Christian worship
Western liturgies of the Latin rite
Religion Protestant
Eastern Liturgies
Byzantine Rite
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons)
The Psalms in the Qur'an
Musical arrangements
Names of Psalms in the Christian religious music
Latin
French
German
Warnings music
References
Sources
Related articles
External Links
Sifrey Emet
(Three Poetic Books ) Psalms (Ps) Proverbs (Pr) Job (Job) Meguiloth
(Five Scrolls) Song of Songs (Song) Ruth (Rt) Lamentations (The) Ecclesiastes (If) Esther (Est) Other books Daniel (Da) Esdras (Ezra) Nehemiah (Ne) Chronicles (Ch) Parts of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) Torah (Pentateuch) Nevi'im (Prophets) Ketuvim (Other Writings) Sifrey Emet ( canon Jewish ) Psalms (Ps) Proverbs (Pr) Job (Job) Poetic books (guns Christians ) Job (Job) Psalms (Ps) Proverbs (Pr) Ecclesiastes (Ecc) Song of Songs (Song) Wisdom (Wis) * Ecclesiasticus (Si) * * Wisdom and Ecclesiasticus are Deuterocanonical (thus missing from Protestant Bibles)
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