Boleslas Iii
| Boleslaw III Wrymouth | ||
| Duke of Poland | ||
 | ||
Boleslaw III by Jan Matejko (1838-1893) | ||
| Reign | ||
| 1102 - 1138 | ||
| Dynasty | Piast | |
|---|---|---|
| Predecessor | Ladislas I. | |
| Successor | Ladislaus II , Boleslaw IV and Mieszko III | |
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| Biography | ||
| Birth | 20 August 1085 / 1086 | |
| Krakow | ||
| Deaths | 28 October 1138 | |
| Pock | ||
| Father | Ladislas I. | |
| Mother | Judith of Bohemia | |
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Boleslaw III Wrymouth (in Polish ( 20 August 1085 or 1086 , Krakow - 28 October 1138 ) was Duke of Poland from 1102 to 1138 , he was the son of Wladyslaw I. Herman and Judith of Bohemia , the daughter of Emperor Henry III. It is the dynasty of Piast.
Summary |
Confirmation of the legitimacy of the elder brother of Boleslaw III
In 1097 , Wladyslaw I. Herman is forced by supporters Piasts to share its territory with Zbigniew , his illegitimate son, and Boleslaw III Wrymouth. Zbigniew receives Wielkopolskie , the Kuyavian , Sieradz and czyca. Boleslaw III Wrymouth receives the Little Poland , the Silesian , Lubuskie and a small territory west of the Great Poland. Wladyslaw I. Herman keeps the Masovian and major towns in the territory of Boleslaw III, while remaining the originator, that is to say, the Duke 's most important. In 1099 , Boleslaw III, who became friends with his uncle, the Duke Bretislav II of Bohemia , it receives a share of the annual tribute paid by Wladyslaw I. Herman for Silesia. In exchange, it is likely that Boleslaw III gives the Bohemia region Kodzko. After the death of Ladislas I. Herman in 1102 , his two son compete to take the ascendancy of one over the other. Boleslaw III Wrymouth inherits the title princeps and continues, like his father, reside in Pock. Boleslaw III begins to prepare a war to recover Pomerania.
A fratricidal struggle for power
In 1103 , Boleslaw Zbysawa wife, daughter of Grand Prince of Kiev Svyatopolk II and sister of Yaroslav of Volhynia , making a valuable alliance in conflict with his brother. For his part, Zbigniew made a covenant with Pomeranians (which are in the crosshairs of Boleslaw) and with the Czechs (ie closer to the Holy Roman Empire ). In 1104 , Zbigniew urges Czechs and Pomeranians Boleslaw attacking on two fronts. The territory of Boleslaw is severely ravaged. The same year, Boleslaw made a mutual assistance pact with Koloman of Hungary. If one is attacked by the Holy Roman Empire, the other attacks Bohemia. Boleslaw III Wrymouth moved closer to the Holy See , hostile to the Holy Roman Empire.
In 1106 , Zbigniew and Boleslaw make a pact by which they undertake not to make separate alliances and help each other against their enemies. While Boleslaw III Wrymouth invaded Pomerania, Zbigniew refuses to help and sends his army to attack from behind on the border Pomeranian. Zbigniew preferred to remain allied with the Pomeranians rather than see them ravage its territory to avenge the attack Boleslaw. This ensures the neutrality of Bohemia before attacking and capturing Zbigniew Kalisz , Gniezno , Castle Spicymierz and czyca. Then, with the troops Russian and Hungarian , he began to push out of Zbigniew Mazovia. Zbigniew must disarm. Boleslaw III Wrymouth left her only Mazovia, as a fief and not as an independent duchy.
In 1107 , while Boleslaw attacked and occupied the cities of Pomeranian Biaogard and Koobrzeg , Zbigniew does not honor its commitment to vassal and not sending troops to help. Zbigniew Bolesaw expels who turns to Bohemia and Holy Roman Empire. In 1108 , the Holy Roman Empire attack Hungary. Under the Treaty of assistance in 1104 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth attack Bohemia. In 1109 , the Pomeranians Zbigniew decide to support in his quest for the throne and attack Mazovia. Boleslaw crushes Pomeranians to Nako , he held along with six other towns of the Pomeranian region covering the estuary of the Vistula. The same year, in support Zbigniew, Henry V and Bohemia invaded Poland under the official pretext of avenging the attack Polish 1108 against Bohemia. The imperial invasion prevents Boleslaw continued the conquest of Pomerania. The attack on Silesia ends with the defeat of Imperial troops at the Battle of Psie Pole near Wroclaw. Henry V is forced to retreat, which devastated large parts of Poland and several cities.
In 1110 , Zbigniew Czech and its allies continue to attack the Polish border towns. In response to the hostile attitude of Bohemia, Boleslaw III Wrymouth help Boivoj II to the throne of Bohemia became vacant. Boivoj be quickly overthrown and exiled by his brother Vladislav I of Bohemia. Boleslaw III Wrymouth then attempt to place Sobeslav I. , the young brother of Boivoj on the throne of Bohemia. In 1111 , a treaty was concluded between Poland and Bohemia: Each signatory agrees not to encourage in him a pretender to the crown of the neighboring country. In 1112 , Boleslaw authorizes the return of Zbigniew, accused of treason, made him put out the eyes, as it will die quickly.
Conquest and Christianization of Pomerania
In 1113 , the Poles defeated the Duke of Pomerania Swietopelk and take Nako. They open a road through the swamps of Note , the key to the basin of the Vistula. In 1115 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth wife Salome von Berg before invading the year following the Pomeranian Region of Gdansk. In 1117 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth stifling the revolt of Palatine Skarbimir, whom he put out the eyes, and replaces Piotr Wostowic. In 1119 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth meets the Eastern Pomerania in Poland.
The first attacks against the Western Pomerania began in 1119. In 1121 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth seizes Szczecin. Boleslaw III Wrymouth meets Western Pomerania in Poland, Prince Pomeranian Warcislaw I. recognizing the suzerainty of Poland.
In 1124 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth entrusted the Christianization of the Western Pomerania Otto of Bamberg , the bishop of Brandenburg. Wojciech, the chaplains of Boleslaw III Wrymouth be appointed first bishop of Pomerania in Koobrzeg. In 1128 , Otto of Bamberg undertake a second mission of Christianity in Pomerania under the patronage of King germain Lothair II.
External relations
In 1129 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth an alliance with the Danes.
Since the death of his father, Boleslaw had to deal with the belligerent attitude of the Czechs who supported his half-brother Zbigniew. In 1114 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth Kodzko resumed, the door of Bohemia. In 1132 , the Czechs attack and ravage Silesia. In 1137 , Kodzko, a peace agreement standardizes relations between Bohemia and Poland.
From 1132 to 1134 , Boleslaw III Wrymouth and Kievan Rus argue that Boris wants to seize the throne Hungarian , without success.
Since the beginning of his reign, relations with the Holy Roman Empire that supported his half-brother Zbigniew deteriorated sharply. The defeat of the Emperor Henry V Psie Pole has subsided for a time the appetites of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1133 , the Pope Innocent II , who suffer from the pressures of the Holy Roman Empire, published a bull denying the independence of the archdiocese of Gniezno. All Polish bishops are linked to that of Magdeburg. The Poles , through the Archbishop Jacques de nin , appeal that decision and move closer to the antipope Anaclet II. In August 1135 , at Merseburg , Boleslaw III Wrymouth recognizes himself vassal of the Emperor Lothair II and agrees to pay an annual tribute. In exchange, he gets the recognition of the independence of the archdiocese but Polish Western Pomerania became fief of the Emperor Lothair. On 7 July 1136 , the Bull of Gniezno of Pope Innocent II confirmed the independence of the Church in Poland.
Testament
Boleslaw III Wrymouth died on 28 October 1138. His will , written a few years ago and inspired the customs of Kiev , marking the beginning of the territorial dismemberment of Poland. He divides his state among his four son, each receiving a hereditary duchy. Ladislaus II Banned receives Silesia (with Wrocaw as capital), Boleslaw IV the Curly receives Mazovia and Kuyavian (with Pock as capital), Mieszko III the Old Receives Greater Poland (with Poznan as its capital), Henry receives the Duchy of Sandomierz (with Sandomierz as capital). The eldest male representatives of the Piast dynasty, Vladislav II Banned becomes the originator (or senior) and as such, also governs the Little Poland (with Krakow as its capital), the Great Poland East with Gniezno and Kalisz The Western Pomerania , the eastern Pomerania and the region czyca and Sieradz (after the death of Salome). It was he who ultimately decides on matters of foreign policy, concludes treaties, declare war, has the right of investiture, is the chief and supreme judge. Casimir II the Just , who was not born when drafting the will, receives nothing.
Progeny
Boleslaw III first wife (1103) Zbysawa (Zbyslava), daughter of Grand Prince of Kiev Svyatopolk II , including:
- Ladislaus II the Outcast ( 1105 - 30 May 1159 )
- ? Boy (c. 1107 / 1108 - after 1109 )
- ? Daughter (born before 1111 )
He married his second wife (1115) Salome von Berg , including:
- Leszek ( 1115 - before 1138 )
- Richiza ( 19 April 1116 - 23 June 1185 )
- ? Daughter (born before 1119 )
- Kazimierz ( 16 August 1122 - 19 October 1131 )
- Gertrude (c. 1123 / 1124 - 7 May 1160 )
- Boleslaw IV the Curly ( 1125 - 3 April 1173 )
- Mieszko III the Old ( 1126 - 13 March 1202 )
- Henry of Sandomierz ( 1127 - 18 October 1166 )
- Dobronega ( 1128 - after 1147 )
- Judith (born 1132 )
- Zofia (died 10 October 1136 )
- Agnieszka ( 1137 - after 1182 )
- Casimir II the Just ( 1138 - 5 May 1194 )
See also
| Preceded by | Boleslaw III Wrymouth | Followed by | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wladyslaw I. Herman |
| Ladislas II Banned Duke of Lesser Poland (Cracow) , Silesian and Sandomierz | ||
| Boleslaw IV the Curly Duke of Mazovia and Kujawy | ||||
| Mieszko III the Old Duke of Greater Poland |
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