Beth Din
Beth Din also wrote is the transliteration of the Hebrew , which means and refers to a religious court.
The most known and most widespread is the Beth Din rabbinical (composed of rabbis ), but the institution also exists with some variations among the Jews Karaites , who have no rabbis.
Summary |
The Torah says that Jethro had advised Moses to delegate most of its judicial power to courts and act only as a supreme judge. He did so quickly. One of the commandments of God recounted in Deuteronomy 4:18 p.m. ET establish judges and officers at the gates of every city in the land of Israel after its conquest.
Organization
As described by the Talmud in Sanhedrin Treaty, there are three types of Beth Din:
- the great Sanhedrin , the supreme court is composed of 71 Elders and based in Jerusalem in the Temple ;
- Small Sanhedrin, consisting of 23 Elders who sit in each city. Small Sanhedrin in capital cities other tribal courts to supervise their territory and are only authorized to impose death sentences;
- courts consisting of three sages.
The courts consider all matters covered by the Jewish Law after hearing the witnesses.
Judges
Judges should have received Smikha to be eligible to sit in a Beth Din. This transmission of the judicial authority by laying on of hands ran from Moses until the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. It is no longer so universally accepted since.
Beth Din has a large following judges
- the Av Beth Din ( ) is the most competent judge of the court;
- the Rosh Beth Din ( ) the Chairman;
- a Dayan () is a single judge;
- Khava a Beth Din ( ) is a consultant who provides technical expertise.
In smaller courts, a single judge is both Av and Rosh Beth Din.
Today
The authority of a Beth Din is reduced today to the domain gives the laws of the country where it sits. For example, the Beth Din has no official recognition in France while the family court judge in Israel. Its role is often reduced to adjudicate cases ritual, such as Kashrut , the Mikvah or conversion to Judaism. Despite its lack of coercive power, the religious Jews will normally involve the Beth Din to settle their disputes.
The only type of existence is Beth Din in the court of three judges. Since 2007, a group of Hasidic rabbis and religious Zionist attempts to recreate the great Sanhedrin.
A Beth Din is now made up of three rabbis, one of whom was trained rabbinical judge called Yadin Yadin. For minor cases, a single rabbi can work with two religious Jews
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