Benedictine
The Order of Saint Benedict (OSB), better known by the name of the Benedictine order, was founded in 529 by St. Benedict of Nursia (480-547). This is not the oldest of the West (see Rule of the monks of St. Augustine , the foundation of Ligug by Saint Martin and Saint-Victor de Marseille by John Cassian , and the laus perennis Purpose According to Pope Benedict XVI, Benedict told his disciples as fundamental and even single injury, the search for God . The College was then involved in a variety of jobs: clearing and evangelization of Europe, conservation and transmission of classical culture in the Middle Ages, collation and translation of works of the Fathers from the seventeenth century, education, etc.. But the real goal assigned by St. Benedict 's monks to rest the search for God. The founder wanted to work as the monks do not require them to leave the monastery: The monastery should, whenever possible, be arranged so that you can find everything you need: water, a mill, a garden and workshops so that we can practice the various trades within the clture.De so the monks will not need to disperse outside, which is not beneficial to their souls. " . The first monastery was established at Monte Cassino around 529 by Benedict of Nursia. They soon spread throughout the Europe and gave birth to several congregations become famous. The habit of the Benedictines is usually black (they are often called the Black Brothers, or Black Monks). But those of Citeaux , in other words the Cistercians have opted for the white dress, were called the White Monks (but they do not belong to the canonical order of St. Benedict even if they follow the Rule ). Also known as Benedictine Benedictine Olivetans whites because of their white clothes. They wear a scapular black cap and a black belt around the waist. The flows (black or rarely white), monastic habit par excellence, is driven by the solemnly professed at the main offices and acts of community life. Besides the fact that they do not yet flowing, the novices are identified by their shoulder: it is shorter than those of monks who have completed the novitiate among nuns, novices and professed often wear a veil white. The custom of shaving the head was maintained through the centuries, with variations ("Crown monastic" before the Revolution and the Congregation of Subiaco before Vatican II, only "clerical tonsure" in Conggation Solesmes ). Benedictine monasteries are the main ones from Landvennec , founded by St. Gunol to 485 , Saint-Germain-des-Pres , founded by I. Childebert to 540 ; of Brantome , founded by Charlemagne in 769 , of Cluny , formed about 910 extensions are available throughout Europe ... The Congregation of Saint-Vanne and St. Hydulphe was formed in Verdun in Lorraine in 1604. That of St. Maur was formed in 1621 , there were other congregations of the Benedictines in France ( Feuillants , Camaldules , Celestine , etc..). All were removed in 1790 by the Constituent Assembly. In the nineteenth century , some religious meeting at Solesmes in Sarthe , under the direction of Dom Guranger noted the Benedictine order. Today, the major Benedictine congregations in France these are: the Congregation of Solesmes ( Solesmes Abbey , Kergonan, Ligug , Fontgombault , Triors , Wisques , Randol , etc..), the Congregation of Subiaco ( La Pierre-qui-Vire , In-Calcat and Dourgne, Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire , Landvennec , Belloc , Tournay , etc..) and the congregation of Mount Olivet ( Le Bec-Hellouin , Maylis ). The Abbey of Sainte-Madeleine Barroux , founded by Dom Gerard (1927-2008), a former monk of Tournay , is an extraordinary member of the Benedictine Confederation. On June 18, 1989, Rome granted the monastery a canonical status : Dom Dammertz, Abbot Primate of the Benedictines, just issue a decree of erection by Abbey, signed in Rome a few days ago. On September 25, 2008, the Abbey has integrated Benedictine Confederation whose purpose is to foster life according to the Rule of St. Benedict and the brotherly love between monasteries . The Benedictines took control of the monastery St. Mary of Mercy in Galata, Istanbul , in 1427 under the direction of Dom Nicolas Meynet and changed the name of the institution in St. Benedict. This monastery and chapel are under the protection of the Embassy of France to the Sublime Porte in 1540 at the request of King {{ Francis I of France }} and the permission of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent. Thanks to this privileged status, the Benedictines became protectors of the Catholic population of the Ottoman Empire. This institution still exists, as St. Benedict High School. The most famous are: Prm , Ratisbon , Fulda , Ellwanger , Salzburg , Reichenau , Beuron , Hirsau , Metten , Scheyern , Ettal , Ottobeuren , Einsiedeln , Admont , Melk ... The most famous are: Canterbury , York , Westminster , St. Albans. There are Benedictine nuns. They are cloistered nuns following the Rule of St. Benedict of Nursia. They were instituted in the sixth century by St. Scholastica , sister of St. Benedict. Their dress is the same as that of the monks of the same congregation unless they wear a veil instead of the cap. It is this order that owned the Oblates established by Saint Frances. The Congregation of Benedictines of Perpetual Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament was founded in the late seventeenth century by the Mother of the Blessed Sacrament Matilda (1614-1698). At the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, the word "Benedictine" appeared to refer to the monks who belonged to no centralized Order , as opposed to the Cistercians , who also follow the Rule of St. Benedict College but is rather highly centralized. Nevertheless Pope Leo XIII instituted in 1893 a Benedictine Confederation, fraternal union of the congregations of monks who lived under the rule of Saint Benedict (Cistercian out and Camaldules), without prejudice to the autonomy of congregations and monasteries. Currently, the Benedictine Confederation is composed of 22 religious congregations of men with a total of 8694 monks in 1995 and 61 federations and congregations of nuns and sisters (there are 16 000) OSB, distributed in 840 monasteries, abbeys and other women. The Benedictine Confederation is headed by an abbot-primate, who is also Abbot of the Benedictine St. Anselm College in Rome , and whose job it is to deal with cases concerning the confederation. The abbots of monasteries grouped congregation belonging to the confederation met in Rome every four years in Congress. The monasteries of nuns, the Oblate Sisters regular and can be aggregated to the Benedictine Confederation. In the twelfth century, the Cistercian abbey (Burgundy), the Cistercians founded a separate order to be more faithful to the rule of St. Benedict. Written in the sixth century Rule of St. Benedict knows some success quickly, perhaps because of its moderation in comparison with other monastic rules existing at the time. In 817 , it is imposed on all the monasteries of the Carolingian Empire, hence the nickname of Father of Western Monasticism given to St. Benedict. Some say that the motto Ora et labora ("pray and work") summarizes the life of the Order, although it does not appear in the Rule. In any case, the Rule of St. Benedict offers a balance between prayer and work (Refusal of idleness is central and manual work is highlighted), personal prayer and communal prayer, the abbot and government participation brothers , obedience and responsibility of everyone. In France, four congregations are present: the Congregation of Solesmes (or "France"), the Congregation of Subiaco , the Benedictines Oliveto and Congregation of Our Lady of Hope. Most belong to the Benedictine abbey Benedictine Congregation of Switzerland : The monastery of Emmaus in Prague has long been recognized for celebrating the liturgy, not in Latin but in Church Slavonic. Marie-Nicolas Bouillet and Alexis Chassang (ed.), "Order of St. Benedict" in Universal Dictionary of History and Geography, 1878 External Links Origin
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