Benedict Aniane
Benedict and Aniane ( 750 in Languedoc - 821 ) is a monk whose work Benedictine Reform monasticism is essential in the development agenda Benedictine in Europe. Feast on 11 or 12 February. He is one of the main players in the Carolingian Renaissance.
Summary |
Origin
Originally called Wittiza Benedict, son of a noble origin probably Visigothic appointed Aygulf , Earl of Maguelone (in Gothia). His education is made to the court of the Frankish king Charlemagne Pepin the Short , where he became butler to Queen Bertha "to Big-Foot" and that of Charlemagne. A few years later, in 773 , he participated with Charlemagne in the expedition against the Lombards in Italy. It is then for a brilliant military career.
Monastic Life
In 774 , following a dramatic event in trying to save his brother from drowning, he made monastic vows at the Abbey of Saint-Seine near Dijon , preferring the homespun to the c eet mesh.
There is evidence of a rigorous asceticism and study the many rules used by rule of Saint Pachomius and St. Basil , but also the rule of St. Columban. He became the cellarer of the abbey. Around 780 , the community chooses to elect him as abbot, but he fled to Aniane , near Montpellier , to her native The rise of the Benedictine Rule Aniane knew, thanks to his abbot, a considerable success and growth. He persuaded Charlemagne letters of immunity and the recognition of freedom of election of the abbot. The development is however hindered by the rigor required. Benedict turned to the rule of St. Benedict of Nursia , he wants to enforce the strict sense. He modified and supplemented this with the rule of Columbanus. He wrote the "consistent rules" based on his comments on the Rule of Saint Benedict of Nursia. More than three hundred monks trained in the monastery were scattered throughout the empire to spread the Benedictine rule, reform the old abbeys and build new ones. In 792 , the abbey became a kingdom, and therefore a radiation center where Benedict is seeking to impose a blessing in Aquitaine. The Languedoc , the Auvergne , the Burgundy will adapt. The new rule greatly interested in Louis the Pious , which seeks to impose religious unity of the Empire to provide a framework to its territory. He calls Benedict Inden , near Aix-la-Chapelle. There, Benedict prepares three synods dealing with the reform of monasticism 816 , 817 and 818 -19. They impose the rule of St. Benedict, the free election of the abbot. Some missi monastics ensure the implementation of decisions. Benedict wants to integrate the abbey in the institutions of the Empire, as Louis the Pious. The priest becomes a community leader. Supported by Louis the Pious , by the abbot of St. Martin of Tours and the Bishop of Orleans , Benedict will be applied with great intelligence the Benedictine rule in more than twenty monasteries in Aquitaine, mainly Gellone , Saint-Savin and Massay. The south of the Loire will also gradually take little bit of that reform. In 818, Louis the Pious will move to Priziac in Morbihan to also apply this rule to the monks of Landvennec who were under that of St. Columban. The work of Benedict is not only a work of unification. He struggles against the Adoptianism , broadcasts the liturgy Roman-Frankish and writing lowercase. The changes are spreading very fast in Saxony and Italy from 820 - 830. Benedictine life will prevail in Europe. Later, she will be in big orders and congregations, including one of the most famous is the order of Cluny. However, from this rule will create unique traditions of each monastery. Became emperor, Louis the Pious , hasten to install Aniane Benedict, who is his friend and adviser, in a monastery he had just founded for him at Inden, near the Imperial Palace (about ten kilometers from Aix-la-Chapelle ) to put at the head of all monks of his empire. After Aquitaine and Gothia is the turn of France to benefit from the rule of hello. In 817, Louis the Pious will meet at Aix-la-Chapelle all the abbots of the empire to accept the capitulum Monasticum prepared by Benedict. The purpose of this constitution will regulate and especially to unify different styles of monastic life. St. Augustine and Benedict of Nursia at this time are the best references to live a religious life both challenging and reasonable. The emperor is in perfect accord with the movement of purifying proclaims the application throughout the empire. Thus, cultural policy established by Charlemagne is she here the full extent of a brilliant revival of artistic, spiritual, intellectual in many monasteries, became privileged places of cultural transmission. Benedict Aniane also distinguished himself particularly in the fight against the Adoptianism , considered a heresy by the church. Propagated by Felix of Urgel , Bishop of Urgell in Spain and Elipandus archbishop of Toledo , this religion considers Christ as God in nature but as a man of God by adoption as a son. As Elipandus was a territory belonging to the Moors , peace was on him, but against Felix of Urgel, he was forced to withdraw in 792 by the conviction of Regensburg. According to the Council of Frankfort , was condemned in Adoptionism 794. It is unclear whether Benedict Aniane attended the Council but in any case he was helped in this fight by Alcuin and Nebridius (Abbot Lagrasse 800 until then Archbishop of Narbonne until 828) his two friends. Charlemagne in 799 missions entrusted to Benedict accompanied Nebridius Leyrade and archbishop of Lyon to visit the Spanish Steps to End Adoptionism. Benedict of Aniane and Adoptionism
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