Beard

Example of a full beard with a mustache

1: stubble, 2: the mustache , 3: goatee , 4: the goat, 5: Favorites , 6: Suvorov , 7: Imperial , 8: Complete.

Beard (from Latin a word derived from Indo-European reconstructed is the set of hairs covering the chin , the cheeks and jaw of the man. Throughout history, the bearded men were awarded the virtues diverse as the wisdom , the manhood , a status higher, although at the beginning of the XXI ^century, no study statistical or scientific evidence has allowed these beliefs. However, the beard can also be perceived as a lack of cleanliness and is synonymous contact spice when cut, but can be appreciated when it is long and soft.

Generally, the beard appears gradually from puberty , as most other hairs of the human body. However, being a secondary sexual characteristic , many boys already have a mustache very rough several years before puberty. The rate of appearance of hair, especially the cheeks, is highly variable from one individual to another. Some people take several years before getting a thick beard. In rare cases it happens that babies are born with a thin beard, which fades over the first few months.

In an individual of sex male adult , it is up to 500 hairs per square inch, against 120 in a woman , why most are invisible. The bearded women are women suffering from hirsutism of the face.

The hair varies in different human groups. The Indians have no beard and Asian populations have very little. The appearance of the conquistadors Spanish bearded surprised as much as their horses when they arrived.

The beard was fashionable at certain times:

Greece

In Greek mythology , many gods and heroes with beards. The historical figures are not to be outdone.

The Roman Empire

Among the Romans, the beard was discredited in the first century of the Empire and then gradually reappeared as from aesthetic canon of Hadrian , first for men over 40 years, associated with old age and experience consists of 363 one spiritual text to justify their choice, Misopogon which may result in the enemy's beard .

The Russian Tsars

In the eighteenth ^century,Peter I of Russia , "said Peter the Great, ended the tradition of wearing a beard in imposing a tax on beards .

Barbara and religions

Judaism and Christianity original

The beards in Judaism is a subject discussed. For some reason that is unclear, the Leviticus , forbidden to cut his beard: "You will cut point round the corners of your heads, and you do raseras point the corners of thy beard." However, for various episodes from the Torah, shaving was a sign of mourning, as in the Book of Ezekiel : "And thou, son of man, take a sharp instrument, a barber's razor, take it, and pass it on your head and your beard " . For the Talmud , "The beard is the ornament of man." In fact, wearing a beard or not but varied widely in Jewish communities as places, times, methods and interpretations .

Churches of the East

In the Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches , it is customary for religious beards.

Islam

1 - In some hadiths , the term "'A'fo" was used. Abdoullah Ibne Umar relates, and Muhammad said: "'A'foul Louhi" ("Leave push (your) beards.") (Hadith quoted in the six authentic books). The verb "A'fo" in Arabic, when used on the beard (as is the case in this hadith) means: "Let the beard grow until the hair is very long." (Ref: "Taj ul Ouross)

2 - In others, the term "Awfo" that was used. This is particularly the case in the hadeeth narrated by Ibne Umar and mentioned in the authentic Muslim and says: "Awfoul Louhi," which means "Let grow completely (your) beards."

According to a tradition quoted by Ibne Kathir in Al Bidaayah Nihaya Wan "(Volume 4 / Page 269), it is said that once, two Persian emissaries came before Muhammad in Medina. They had shaved his beard and wore a thick mustache. Muhammad turned away from them and questioned them about what prompted them to do so (about their physical appearance). Ils rpondirent que c'tait leur empereur et matre. Muhammad said: "But me, my Lord ordered me to let my beard grow and trim my mustache."

There are four major opinion among scholars concerning the fact of beard:

First notice: cut which exceeds the fist. This is authenticated by Ibn 'Umar and then the opinion of the Hanafi school. A group of scholars like Ibn Hanbali Muflih and Al-Mardaway were of the opinion that it was not hateful. This is the view of Al-Ghazali, Ibn al-'Arabi, Al-Mall 'Ali al-Qari that says: "It is recommended to trim his beard length and width, but only after it has exceeded the length of the fist. As the result of the cut before it has grown (and exceeded the fist), the scientists said it was not possible to prune for fear that it becomes a disfigurement. I say, and this must be done gradually until reaching the size of a fist which is the sunnah and the weighting recognized and not cut one time and it is a disfigurement. "(Sharh al-Masabih).

Second Opinion: cutting hair floating in the wind, isolated or excessively long. It is the opinion of the Maliki school, and it appears a group of scholars who have made the explanation of Al-Muwatta 'as Al-Qurtubi, Az-Zarqn, al-Baji and others.

Third opinion: grow a beard except when performing the hajj or 'umrah. Ibn Hajar said: "It is reported that Ash-Shaafi'ee. At-Tabari said: A group of scientists was of the opinion that it was detestable to take anything except for the Hajj and 'umrah. "(Al-Fath, 10/35) This is also authenticated 'Ata' and it is the opinion of At-Tabari.

Fourth review: Let the beard as it cut and do nothing. Al-Kandalvi said: "It is the opinion of the Shafi'i school, An-Nawawi and one of two opinions as adopted by the followers of the Hanbali school. "That is the opinion of Al-Khattab, and a large number of scientists past and present, even more is the opinion of most scholars. After citing the different terms used in the hadith to order to let the beard grow, Al-'Irq said: "These are the evidence used by most scholars to show that he must leave the beard as and does nothing to cut, and it is the opinion of As-Shafi'i and his followers. "

Records

Father Coulon ( Vandenesse 1826 - Montluon 1916), or Louis Coulon real name, was a laborer at Mills St. Jacques to Montlucon. In 1889, according to the journal Nature , he already sported a beard of 2.32 m . On 24 February 1899, it featured on the cover of Illustrated Journal : he wore a beard when he was 3.35 meters in the waters washing the Cher , river crossing Montlucon.

Quotes

• Molire , L'Ecole des femmes (III, 2, Arnolphe Agnes):

"At the rank of austere duties of woman commits,

And you do not mount, that I claim,
To be libertine and a good time.
Your sex is only for dependency:

Side of the beard is all-powerful. "

References

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