Bayezid Ii

Bayezid II

Bayezid II the Just (in Turkish , Adli means), known in France under the name of Bajazet II, (born 3 December 1447 to Dimetoka today Didymotikhon - died on 26 May 1512 at Chekmece , near Dimetoka ), was the eighth Sultan Ottoman , from 1481 when he succeeded his father Mehmed II the Conqueror in 1512 , when he was deposed by his son Selim. When he ascended the throne, the Ottoman Empire had an area of 2,214,000 sq km, of which 1.703 million sq km in Europe and 511 000 km in Asia and at his death, the Ottoman territory had an area of about 2,375,000 sq. km.

Bayezid II had eight wives, eight son (Mahmud Ahmed, Seyidsah, Selim Mehmed, Korkud Abdullah and Alimsah. Ahmed was the designated successor) and six daughters.

Youth

At age seven, he was appointed governor of the city of Amasya , cultural center since the reign of Seljuk , and his advisor called Ali Pasha Hadim. Loving knowledge, Bayezid learned the Arabic , the Persian , the theology , the philosophy and mathematics. Poetry lover, he received the most famous poets. He gave the property to religious institutions that his father had forfeited to the State, which earned him the nickname Sofu (the Pious). He removed all the paintings of Italian artists were executed during the reign of Mehmed II. As sultan, he worked to improve the functioning of political institutions within its empire.

Fight against his brother Jem

He also had to fight the ambitions of his brother Jem ( Turkey : Cem, pronounced Jem), called " Cem "by Europeans. The latter took refuge with the Knights Hospitaller of Saint John of Jerusalem on Rhodes. Not being able to murder his brother, Bayezid paid a pension to the knights so they might keep Djem prisoner. It served as a means of pressuring the Sultan to Western rulers and popes. First they demanded the release of pension under penalty Djem who would return and an opponent. Brandished the threat of Bayezid held him to intervene in the western Mediterranean and Europe. The Ottoman prince ends his life Bourganeuf in the Tour Cem built for him, then at Naples , where he died in 1495. Some sources suggest that Bayezid would be able to do poison: although this is probably not true, the sultan was terribly relieved anyway.

Reign

The Ottoman Empire had many wars during the reign of Bayezid, but grow significantly. He took the Herzegovina under his direct control in 1483.

In the South, he came into conflict with the Mamluks of Egypt, who extended their territory as far north as Adana ( 1488 ). The Ottomans were forced to resign at the conclusion of peace in May 1491 , peace that lasted until the death of Bayezid.

He authorized in 1492 the Jews of Spain, the victims of persecution by the Spanish Inquisition , to settle in Turkey , in saving the lives of three million Jews. He sent the Turkish Navy in Spain to collect them.

With the construction of new vessels and recruitment of experienced pirates, the brothers Arudj and Khayr ad-Din Barbarossa and others, he is endowed with a naval force that successfully opposed the Venetians , they took the towns of Coron , Lepanto , Methoni and Durazzo between 1499 and 1502. He himself led the siege of Methoni.

He made war upon the Hungarians , but as with the Mamelukes, he had to sign a peace treaty in 1503.

On the front the Persian battle Shurur ( 1502 ) had brought to power the Shah Ismail. This represented a danger to the sultan because of propaganda Shia in the Kurdish regions. Forces designed to keep the eastern border were subverted by the three oldest son of the Sultan who used it to combat it.

In 1509 , Istanbul was largely destroyed by an earthquake. A systematic policy of the Turkish population was conducted in the city and throughout the Balkan Europe. There were also calls to non Turks and non-Muslims, so as to give the city an appearance and an activity worthy of a great capital.

The last years of the reign of Bayezid II are marked by the progress of the Turkish administration.

The peace treaties with its neighbors gave him the means to fight the rebellion of the tribes Turkoman in Anatolia. Despite that the rebels managed to kill the great vizier Ali Pasha during the fighting.

Fight with his son

Bayezid had named Ahmed, his eldest son as successor, but his inability to maintain order in Anatolia prompted his son Selim, to enter into rebellion with the help of the Janissaries from 1509. Ahmed won a victory over his brother Selim with the help of troops Safavid and he went to Istanbul to take advantage of his victory. Selim organized a revolt in Thrace but was defeated by Bayezid and had to flee to Crimea.

Bayezid then began to fear his son Ahmed, banned him from entering Istanbul and had him killed. Selim 's side took the opportunity to return to Crimea. Always with the help of the Janissaries he defeated his father and eventually force him to abdicate on 24 April 1512. Bayezid died a month later by fleeing to Dimetoka.

Related articles

• Pierre d'Aubusson , grand master of the Hospitallers of Saint John of Jerusalem at the time of the captivity at Jem Bourganeuf in the Creuse.

External Links

• (In) Ottoman Web Site

Preceded by	Bayezid II	Followed by
Mehmed II	Ottoman Dynasty ( one thousand four hundred eighty-one - one thousand five hundred twelve )	Selim I

Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
XIV century	Osman I. Orhan Murad I. Bayezid I.
XV century	Mehmed I. Murad II Mehmed II Bayezid II
XVI century	Selim I. Suleiman I Salim II Murad III Mehmed III
XVII century	Ahmet I. Mustafa I. Osman II Murad IV Ibrahim I. Mehmed IV Soliman II Ahmet II Mustafa II
XVIII century	Ahmet III Mahmud I. Osman III Mustafa III Abdul Hamid I. Selim III
XIX century	Mustafa IV Mahmud II I. Abdlmecit Abdulaziz Murad V Abdul Hamid II
Twentieth century	Mehmed V Mehmed VI Abdlmecit II

• Portal of the Ottoman Empire

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