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Baldwin Vi Of Hainaut

Baldwin VI of Hainaut
Baudouin Constantinople.JPG
Statue erected in 1868 in honor of Baldwin of Constantinople in Mons (Belgium)
Other functions
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Period
1194 - 1205
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Predecessor Marguerite d'Alsace
Successor Jeanne de Constantinople
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Period
1195 - 1205
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Predecessor Baldwin V of Hainaut
Successor Jeanne de Constantinople
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Period
1204 - 1205
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Predecessor foundation of the empire
Successor Henry I of Constantinople
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Biography
Birth 1171
Valenciennes
Deaths 1205
Tarnovo (Bulgaria today)
Father Baldwin V of Hainaut
Mother Marguerite d'Alsace
Spouse (s) Marie de Champagne
Descent Jeanne de Constantinople
Margaret of Constantinople

Baldwin of Flanders and Hainaut also appointed Baldwin of Constantinople ( 1171 - 1205 or 1206 ) is a count of Flanders from 1194 to 1205 , a Count of Hainault from 1195 to 1205 and an emperor Constantinople from 1204 to 1205. He is the son of Baldwin V , Count of Hainaut and Marguerite d'Alsace , Countess of Flanders.

Summary

Biography

The Count of Flanders and Hainaut

It inherits from the Flanders (amputation of the Artois since 1191 ) to the death of his mother on 15 November 1195 and of Hainaut to that of his father 18 December 1195, uniting in his person the two branches of the House of Flanders had separated after the death of Baldwin VI.

If he takes quick tribute to Compiegne to Philip Augustus, he remains in a cautious waiting in the Franco-English conflict, but is obliged by the King of France to provide additional safeguards to his faith: the king receives the oath of Flemish barons to remain faithful, and the threat of a curse hanging over the perjury count, and finally, the fiefs of Boulogne , Guines and Oisy were ceded to the Crown. Accused of weakness on his return from Flanders, Baldwin then allied to Richard the Lion Heart and asks the king to return to France of Flanders Lens , Arras , Hesdin , Bapaume , Saint-Omer and Aire. Given the refusal of King Baudouin Artois in between, while the duke Richard holds the French forces in Normandy and laid siege to Arras. Philippe Auguste reacts Baldwin pushes up the Yser , but the count is then open the locks on the French camp. The King of France, surrounded by the waters and Flemish army has no choice but to yield to the demands of Baldwin, he promises made by its board retract soon returned to Paris. Baldwin took up arms again and held Aire and St. Omer.

Countess Marie intervenes and mediates between the Count, her husband and the king of France, his uncle. His intervention leads the conference in Peronne in January 1199 , where both parties reach an agreement: the king keeps the land beyond the New Ditch , while Baldwin IX covers custody or Douai , Ardres , Lillers , The Gorgue , Richebourg , Aire, St. Omer, the advowson of Bethune and the homage of the county of Guines. This success reinforces the popularity of the count with his barons and cities.

The Crusader

The Count hears the preaching at the crusade of Erluin and Pierre de Roussy , sent by the pope in Flanders. Baldwin IX and his wife Marie de Champagne then solemnly take the Cross on 23 February 1200 in the Church of St. Donat in Bruges , followed by a crowd of Flemish knights. Baldwin IX shall, with Thibaud de Champagne , Louis of Blois and Hugh of Saint-Pol IV the head of the expedition. Before leaving, he asked his brother Philip , Count of Namur, the regency in Flanders, assisted by a council composed of the Chancellor Gerard, Provost of St-Donat, his uncle, Baudouin Komen, lords of Bruges, Ghent and Lille.

Armies win Venice where an agreement was reached with the Maritime Republic to transport the Crusaders in the East half of conquests will go to the town of St. Marc. The Crusaders take first Zara as payment to the Venetians, and then at the request of Philip of Swabia , the crusade was diverted to rescue his brother Alexis Angel whose father Isaac II was overthrown by his brother in Constantinople, now Alexis III. The diversion is supported by the Doge of Venice Enrico Dandolo. Chalcedon in Bithynia is quickly invested and Galata , and therefore the Crusaders arrived under the walls of Constantinople. Alexius III fled, Isaac II is released by the Greeks and must yield to the conditions imposed by the Crusaders for aid to become his son Alexius IV.

By April 1204, the situation deteriorates: the promised benefits are not paid. The position of Alexis IV became untenable and he was ousted in January by Alexis Mourzuphles. The energetic Alexis V strengthens the defenses of the city and refuses any negotiations. On Easter Monday 1204, the Crusaders sacked and then take the ancient Byzantium , which Baldwin quickly elected emperor with the support of the Venetians.

The Emperor of Constantinople

I. Baldwin crowned the first Latin emperor of Constantinople on 16 May 1204 , although the chroniclers Meyer and Raynald recognize ignore if he died in battle or in prison. If one believes another columnist, Nicetas Khoniats , Baldwin was detained Ternobe, then was abandoned in a valley hands and feet cut off, and died after three days of agony. This version is disputed, and it is more likely that the Flemish emperor died in prison.

His disappearance followed six weeks later than Dandolo, nonagenarian, led a division of conquered lands and disputes that his successor, his brother Henry, knew to avoid.

Ancestry

Marriage and children

He married 6 January 1186 Marie de Champagne (1174 1204), daughter of Henry I the Liberal , Count of Champagne and Marie de France. He left two little girls, thank you for their ambitious overlord:

The Adventure of false Baldwin

His death uncertain allowed in 1225 to an impostor, Bertrand Cordel , to pretend to Flanders for the emperor, believed to have escaped death in Bulgaria. The difficult context Flemish after Bouvines and captivity of the count Ferrand enabled adventure.

Son of a vassal Clarembaut Capes, a native of Rains, near Vitry-sur-Marne , Bertrand Cordel acrobat and juggler was. After Bouvines to 1220, the Franciscans began to arrive in Flanders, accompanied by prestige. Rumor has placed among them former Flemish Crusaders returned home. It is within this context that in 1225, thought he recognized a Baron Baudouin IX Bertrand, who lived by begging and going public for a hermit in the woods Glanon near Valenciennes. Bertrand, housed in a hotel of this city, ended up playing the game ( 27 March 1225). Personalities said to recognize and probably taught him the rudiments of the emperor's life and how to behave. The credulity of the people were properly operated and immense emotion ran through the counties of Flanders and Hainaut. He was acclaimed in Valenciennes, Tournai , Lille, the entries in Bruges and Ghent were magnificent. There was clothed with all the attributes imperial.

Countess Jeanne, daughter of Baldwin, then had to take refuge in Quesnoy with few followers. We even tried to remove it. She could still win Mons , while the impostor reigned in his stead (April-May 1225), surrounded by barons whose interests it served. Jeanne de Constantinople tried to confuse him to bring him to Quesnoy, but Bertrand declined the invitation. However, thanks to the testimony of Materen Josse, a Franciscan, a former Crusader, who had accompanied the great Earl until his death in Bulgaria, she was convinced of his righteousness. She appealed to the trial of King Louis VIII , which could only be alarmed because the King Henry III of England had already made contact with the false Baldwin: the king summoned him to Peronne , while Jeanne brought together all those who knew his father, with all the Franciscans who had to reconnect with the world to testify, contrary to their wishes. The inquiry was chaired by the Bishop of Senlis Guerin. Bertrand could not escape the notice of the Capetian suzerain: he was greeted as if the count, but the vagueness of his answers to the king and Gurin were decisive: in front of the Flemish barons in awe, he could not say when , where and by whom he was knighted, nor when and in what room he married Marie of Champagne! As final proof, the following night he fled from the court like a thief, no longer doubting the thought of the King (30-31 May 1225).

Found in Burgundy or fled to Valenciennes, he was brought in Flanders, where he was sentenced to death and strangled in Lille (end September 1225). His body was paraded to the gallows of Loos.

Sources and bibliography


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