Babylonian Exile
The Babylonian Exile is the name given generally to the deportation to Babylon, the Jews of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Judah under Nebuchadnezzar II.
Summary |
Are directly affected by this event the following books: 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles ending with the Exile, Ezra begins with him and says afterwards, with Nehemiah , and the prophets Jeremiah and Ezekiel who live in Jerusalem one the other in Babylon, and the Lamentations which bear witness to the disaster site, while that Haggai and Zechariah live return; of Psalms explicitly refer.
But the importance of Exile in the Bible is much greater. Some now believe that the Bible was written down, or at least altered (for its oldest parts) on the occasion of Exile and according to him (probably in two centuries monitoring, rather than during). The Exile would seem he was a major trauma for the Exiles, who have been reinterpreting their identity and religion without Temple , no king and no land.
The Exile of Judah
The Deportation to Babylon
The deportation of the Judeans was made three times ( Jeremiah 52.28-30). The first time in Joaquin ( 597 BC. ?), following the defeat of the Kingdom of Judah against Nebuchadnezzar II , the Temple of Jerusalem is then partially stripped and taken some citizens, chosen among the most important. Eleven years later (after a revolt against the empire under the reign of Zedekiah ), the city was completely razed and a new deportation follows. Finally, five years later, a third exile complements the other, according to Jeremiah. So all the country's elite, religious, political and economic, which is offset, but not the rural population. The terms of this appears to have rapidly improved deportation on the spot. Tablets administrative cuneiform found in the royal palace of Nebuchadnezzar in Babylon mention rations to the King Joaquin Judah, five Judean princes and other members of the elite of Judah, along with other deportees High ranking officials from other kingdoms The return and the beginning of the Diaspora After the capture of Babylon by the Persians , the emperor Cyrus releases the Jews and give them permission to return to their homeland and rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem ( 538 BC. ). It is said that more than forty thousand took advantage of the authorization. But the biblical books also testify that many had settled and remained in Babylon: they are the first center of the Diaspora. We found some tablets in the economic Achaemenid period (fifth century) found at Nippur . These families are doing business with the Babylonians of strain, and are perfectly integrated into the regional economy. Nothing distinguishes them from other sources except in our personal names, often with the name of Yahweh (Yaw transcribed in cuneiform ), and in some families there are members with name Jew and others with a name Babylonian , referring to a deity Mesopotamian. The Persians had a different political outlook from that of the Babylonians or Assyrians in the administration of conquered territories, leaving the local government to locals. Previously, the tribes of the Kingdom of Israel (the north) had been deported by the Assyrians , and never returned, the survivors of the exile in Babylon were, therefore, in their own eyes, all that remained of the " children of Israel. " When the descendants of the Judean exiles had returned, they found people on site (the "locals" or "earth"), which they equated with foreign populations deported there by the Assyrians , the people themselves treated as Samaritans. Their religion probably looked like it was before the Exile, unedited by the Prophets. The growing hostility between the Jews and their revenues: the profound religious changes had occurred among the exiles. We can assume that the fierce religious purity advocated by Babylonian Jews returned from exile and the sense of cultural identity, sixty years after their deportation, could not accept the faith Estimated Jewish group of survivors who had practiced what appeared now as for centuries of paganism in Israel and Judah, and had contracted marriages with the people settled by the Assyrians (what Nehemiah was banned thereafter). The parable of the Good Samaritan refers to the contempt that Judeans, or Jews, vowed to Samaritans. The term "Babylonian captivity" echoes the biblical period about the residence of Popes in Avignon , or any situation where the Church Christian is supposed to kept away from the true faith (and Luther take it there the Papacy it yourself!). The new facility
The "Babylonian captivity" of the Church
References
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