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Babur

Babur depicted on a miniature

Babur ( 14 February 1483 - 26 December 1530 ) (fa: ) is a conqueror of India and founder of the dynasty Mughal. His name is Zahir ud-Din Muhammad, but he received the nickname of Babur, meaning "tiger". Descendant of Tamerlane in Miran Shah and Genghis Khan through his mother, he was born on 14 February 1483 in Andijan. His father, Omar Sheikh Mirza (1456-1495) was king of Ferghana , part of Turkistan , now in Uzbekistan.

Summary

1 Biography
2 Origin and ancestry
3 wives and offspring
4 Works
5 Annexes
- 5.1 Sources
6 Notes and references
- 6.1 Linkages external

Biography

Omar died on 8 June 1494 he was again defeated by the Uzbeks and returns hard to Kabul in 1514.

It now seems to have lost all hope of recovering Fergana , and as he also feared an invasion of Uzbeks in the west, he turned to the India and especially Punjab he considers his rightful inheritance by Tamerlane. Several preliminary incursions had already been made, when in 1521 an opportunity arises for a more serious expedition. Ibrahim Lodi , Sultan of Delhi , is hated by everyone even his noble Afghan Babur and allied with a rebel, Alam Khan. He gathers his forces, 12,000 men and some artillery pieces and march on India. Ibrahim, with 100,000 soldiers and many elephants advance against him. The great battle was fought at Panipat on 21 April 1526 , Ibrahim was slain and his army routed. Babur then proclaimed himself Padshah Ghazi, Emperor of India, then with the help of his son Humayun captured immediately to Agra. But a still more formidable enemy awaits, Rana Sangha of Chittorgarh who rallied against him a huge army of 210,000 men. His case seems hopeless, he vowed to renounce the wine he consumes without measure. At Kanwaha on 10 March 1527 , he won a great victory, while his son pacifies Valley Ganges , and became the absolute ruler of North India.

He spent the rest of his life to organize his new empire and embellish Agra, his capital. In October 1530, his eldest son Humayun fell ill and preferred. While all doctors agree to announce his imminent death is that Babur died since the announcement of the illness of her son, Babur is destroyed. According to legend, he would give his life to save that of the man he appointed as his successor. He died on 26 December 1530 during its forty-eighth year and is buried in Kabul. Humayun succeeds him then.

Fine scholar, he loved music, composing poems and dictated his memoirs, the Babur Nama, a chronicle of his life and his family between 1494 and 1529 , probably the first autobiographical text of the Islamic world, written in Turkish tchaghata.

His dynasty ruled India until the ^nineteenth century.

Origin and ancestry

His father, Omar Sheikh Mirza , son of Abu Said Mirza, great grand-son and successor of Tamerlane assassinated in 1469, he inherited much of the personality, Babur left us this moving portrait of accuracy:

"It was a big man and small size, sparse beard and ruddy complexion. He wore his shirt and very tight as, to knot the cords, he was accustomed to getting her belly, it often happened that giving him the freedom cord failed. There was only one round with his turban while in those days it was customary to make four, in addition, there was no fold and in dangling ends. The summer unless it was the Council, he did most of the time that the Mongolian hat. He belonged to the rite Hanafi and opinions were very orthodox. He did not neglect any of the five daily prayers and fulfilled all his life to his religious duties. He spent part of his time reading and meditating on the Koran. He was a disciple of Khadja Ubaydullaah and loved to converse with him. This, in turn, the We called her son. His favorite reading was the khamsa , the Mesnevi , the history books and especially the Shah Nameh. He had a natural disposition for poetry, but had not applied to farm art.

"He was a man gifted with great generosity: it was the dominant quality in him. On a good natural, subtle, eloquent, he was no less brave. On two occasions, he walked alone before all Nokere and made saber prodigies of valor ... He was of average strength in handling the bow but he had a special place in his arms so he was not wrestler who was overthrown by his shots ... At first, he had been addicted to drink and thereafter, he put a brake and had more pleasure parties once or twice week. It was a pleasant companion. On occasion, he recited verses very prettily. In the last years of his life he was much use of the drug that made him lose his head. It was a unique man its kind. He played a lot, especially backgammon and even dice. "

His mother, Nigar Kutlug Khanim, was one of five daughters of Yunus Khan, Prince of Tashkent descendant of Genghis Khan at the eleventh generation of his son Tchagata , founder of the Khanate that bears his name.

Its origins as much as by its environment, Babur was a true so Timurid.

Babur receives several tutors skills uneven, but two Khodjas the marqunt particular: Ubaydallah, which gives it its name and taught him compassion for the poor, under which he practiced all his life and Mevlana-i-Kadi, stemming from a prestigious lineage, and his student admires for his holiness and courage.

He enjoys all the activities of aristocratic his time riding, archery, fencing, swimming.

His language was Turkish tchagatade , East branch of the Turkish joint, the most important after the Ottoman. "Memoirs" he tells himself to pass the literary masterpiece of the language. He is fluent in Persian , while vernacular throughout East Asia, to compose poems in very good order. It probably does not know the Mongolian (despite its maternal origins) as well as Arabic, has already become very much a minority at that time in the region.

His hometown, although size provincial undergoes radiation from the prestigious Samarkand he dreams of conquering unsuccessfully throughout his life.

The accidental death of his father in 1494 allows him to apply to succession to the throne of Ferghana in Central Asia lacks rule of succession and torn by the rivalries of local princes, Turkish and Mongolian.

Wives and offspring

Union with Aisha Sultan Begum ( Khujand March 1500), daughter of Sultan Ahmed Mirza and Qataq Begum (1484 - c. 1531)

Fakhrunnisa Begum (1501) died at the age of 1 month

Zainab Sultan Begum ( Kabul 1504), daughter of Sultan Mahmud Mirza and Khwanzada Termiz Begum, died of smallpox in 1507, without issue

Union with Maham Begum ( Herat 1506), a relative of Sheikh Ahmad Jami (died at Agra on 8 May 1533 )

Humayun (Kabul from 1508 to 1556)
Barbula Mirza (Kabul 1509/1510 - died young before March 1519)
Mihrjahan Begum (Khost 1511 - died young before March 1519)
Esan Daulat Begum (Kabul (1516) - died young before March 1519)
Na Begum (Kabul (1517 / 1518 - died young before March 1519)
Farouk Mirza (Kabul August 2, 1526 - 1527)

Union with Masuma Sultan Begum (Kabul 1507), daughter of Sultan Ahmed Mirza and Habiba Sultan Begum Arghun (died in childbirth Kabul to 1509/1510)

Masuma Sultan Begum (Kabul 1509/1510 -?), Married in 1515/1516 with Mirza Mohammed Zaman, son of Mirza and Badiuzaman urun Sultan Khanum, drowned in the Ganges at Causa in 1539

Union with Gulrukh Taghay Begchik Begum (1508), sister of Sultan Ali Mirza Taghay Begchik and Yadgar Taghi (died before 1545)

Kamran Mirza (Kabul 1509 - Makkah October 5, 1557) Governor of Kabul, Kandahar and Multan September 18, 1528, Governor of Ghazni and Punjab from 1530 to 1553; blinded in 1553
Mohammed Askari Mirza (Kabul 1516 - Mecca 1554) governor of Multan, in Chandiri in September 1528; Sarkar Sambhal 1530
Shahrukh Mirza (Kabul (1518 -?) Died young
Ahmed Mirza (Kabul (1520 -?) Died young
Gulizar Begum (Kabul (1522 -?) Died young

Union with Dildar Begum Agha (1510/1514), died after 1550:

Gulrang Begum (Khost 1511/1515 - after 1543), married to Timur Esan Chaghatai Mughal, son of Ahmed Khan Chaghatai Mughal and Mirza Muhammad Nureddin, son of Khwaja Mohammad Alauddin
Gulchihra Begum (Kabul 1516/1517 - after 1557), married to Sultan Khan Tukhta Bugha Chaghatai Mughal, son of Ahmed Khan Mughal Chaghatai, 1533 + and Abbas Sultan Uzbeg
Nasir Mohammed Abul Hindal (Kabul March 4, 1519 - killed in Saudi 20 November 1551); Governor Alwal Sarkar 1530; Sultanam married to Begum, the sister of Mohammed Mahdi Khwaja, father of:
- Ruqqaya Sultan Begum (1542 - Agra January 25th 1626) married to Akbar
Gulbadan Begum (Kabul 1523 - February 1603) married to Khizr Khwaja Khan Chaghatai Mughal, son of Khwaja Aiman Khan
Alwar Mirza (Kabul (1524/1525) - Agra 1529)

Mubaraika Begum Bibi (Kehraj January 30, 1519), daughter of Malik Shah Mansur Yusufzai, who died in 1556 after

Works

Babur wrote himself into Turkish tchaghata.

Relationship of his conquests
History of his life (translated by John Leyden and William Erskine , London , 1826 )
Babur Nama: Journal of Emperor Babur, Zahir Uddin Muhammad Babur, Translated from Turkic Chaghatay by Annette Susannah Beveridge , Abridged, edited and Introduced by Dilip Hiro ( ISBN 0-14-400149-7 and 978-0-14-400149-1 ) - Baburnama completely online