Arsenal
In the broadest sense of the term, an arsenal is a military establishment, "national", where one builds, maintains, repairs and maintains warships and their weapons and ammunition Etymology The word "arsenal" appears in various forms in the Romance languages (from which this word was adopted in its current meaning), that is to say, "arzanale" in Italian , Spanish "arsenal" in French etc.. ; Italian also gave "Arzana" and Spanish "darsena" and "atarazanal. If at the beginning, these institutions were linked to the Navy , the term later used to name various depots of arms and equipment for land forces. The arsenals are not always port , can be found on the rivers or in open ground (in this case, for removal of borders could be threatened). To give three examples: Toulon , Rochefort and Bourges. In dry dock or wharf built there, maintains and repairs warships and their armaments. Venice was the first country to have an arsenal (1104). The Clos des Galleys is created in Rouen , in 1373. In 1517 , Le Havre is the arsenal that is installed on the Port of Le Havre and the arsenal of Toulon is created by Henri IV to the Mediterranean coast. Overseas , the Third Republic will establish arsenals in Bizerte , Oran and Dakar , and Asia ( Tonkin , weapons of Saigon , etc..), usually administered by a naval engineer. End of 1934 was created to Villacoublay the Arsenal of aeronautics , a public institution charged with industrial resources to develop new air weapons which France needed. Privatized in 1949 under the name of SFECMAS , Arsenal aerospace has made a remarkable aircraft, the Arsenal VG 33. At the end of the two world wars, the arsenals of countries in conflict found themselves overwhelmed by huge stocks of ammunition, some of which has been dismantled or refurbished, and another partly destroyed or submerged. In 2000 , France still has six large arsenals: Cherbourg , Brest , Toulon , Lorient, St. Tropez, and Indret Lane. At Barcelona , the Drassanes are the oldest European arsenals whose buildings still exist. Arsenals pose security issues but also environmental. Besides that these are places that have been targeted in past wars, therefore with the aftermath of war , including emissions toxic (fires, bombings, etc.), the sediment port (or river) are often kept many heavy metals lost the shipyards , the fairing shells or paint antifooling
The word would have an original Arabic , and would be a corruption of "dar did sina'ah" which means "house of trade" or "manufacture".
From its origins as previously assumed that arx Navalis (naval citadel "), arx senatus (citadel of Venice, etc..), Were excluded. Definition
And the arsenal of Paris, which only lives in our day, by the name of the Library of the Arsenal and a metro ( subway Arsenal ), had no direct link with the Navy, not for to store arms in defense of the kingdom's capital. The functions of an arsenal
There are stores of ammunition (conventional and at times chemical , possibly underwater). The functions of the arsenals have evolved since the days of wooden ships, gunpowder in barrels and cannonballs, with sophisticated weapons of the twentieth century, including airborne and underwater. ( torpedoes , missiles , anti-missile missiles, lures, depth charges, nuclear, chemical, bacteriological, etc.). History
In Europe
There is as yet no European army and therefore no European arsenal. French Arsenals
It will then install the arsenals at Brest , in Brouage. In 1666 , it is that of Rochefort , built by Colbert on the orders of Louis XIV .
In the eighteenth century, a new set is created to Cherbourg. In 1789 , the two largest arsenals are those of Brest and Toulon.
In 1815 , France has 8 major arsenals in the cities of Auxonne , Douai , Grenoble , La Fere , Metz , Rennes , Strasbourg and Toulouse. After 1871 , Metz and Strasbourg in Germany and spend are emerging Bourges , Versailles and Vincennes. English Arsenals
Spanish Arsenals
Arsenals other countries
Arsenals, Safety and Environment
Notes & References
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