Archibasilique St John Lateran
| Archibasilique St. John Lateran in Rome | |||
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| Local Name | Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano | ||
| Contact | 41 53 '09 "North 12 30 '22 "East / 41.885905, 12.5061545 | ||
| Country |  Vatican | ||
| City | Rome (Pontifical Possessions) | ||
| Worship | Roman Catholic | ||
| Type | Cathedral Basilica | ||
| Attached to | Archdiocese of Rome (headquarters) | ||
| Construction begins | 315 | ||
| Work Completed | XVIII century | ||
| Style (s) dominating (s) | Baroque | ||
| Protection | World Heritage ( 1990 ) | ||
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Geolocation on the map: Italy
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The Basilica of St. John of Lateran also known under the name of Archbasilica of the Most Holy Saviour, is one of the four major basilicas of Rome on the square of the same name. Church Cathedral , seat of the bishopric of Rome , whose bishop was none other than the Pope , it is owned by the Holy See and therefore enjoys the privilege of extraterritoriality. It is considered the "mother" of all the churches of Rome and the world.
The name of St. John is a name borrowed from the usual dedication of the baptistery of the church (which is consecrated under the dual patronage of St. John the Baptist and John the Evangelist). The dedication of the cathedral of Rome is St. Sauveur. The name fell into disuse in the course of history.
Summary |
History
Cathedral and seat of the bishopric of Rome , whose owner is none other than the Pope , head of the papal throne, is the oldest and first in the established order of the papal basilicas, in front of St. Peter's Basilica the Vatican , the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls and the Basilica Santa Maria Maggiore. It bears the title inscribed on the pediment of omnium urbis and orbis ecclesiarum mater and caput, meaning "mother and head of all churches in the city and the world."
The place owes its name to the remains of a large family of patricians , the Laterani. This is the Basilica of St. John Lateran. It was built during the reign of Emperor Constantine I and consecrated in 324 by Pope Sylvester I.. His ship 130 meters long, in fact the largest church after St. Peter. It was the residence of the popes (who resided in a palace adjoining the Patriarcho) until 1309 , when Pope Clement V did transfer the Holy See to Avignon.
This monument has suffered many indignities over the centuries. It sustained damage during the sacks of Rome by Alaric I in 410 , then Genseric in 455. An earthquake destroyed it in the year 896. Completely rebuilt by Pope Sergius III in the tenth century , it was again destroyed by a terrible fire in the night of 6 May 1308 under Pope Clement V who had it rebuilt. The work was completed under the reign of his successor John XXII. It was further damaged by an earthquake in 1349 , followed by another fire in 1361 , and again restored by Urban V , who entrusted the work to the architect Giovanni Stefani.
The present building is actually a reconstruction of the seventeenth century , due to the nave and interior design to the architect Francesco Borromini , made for Pope Innocent X to mark the Jubilee of 1650 , and the exterior , monumental, built in travertine in 1734 , the architect Alessandro Galilei.
Under the canopy of gothic XIV century, only the pope can celebrate the Eucharist.
The central doors in bronze are the original doors of the Roman Curia. The emperor Charlemagne is baptized at Easter in the year 774.
It was, and the adjoining Lateran Palace, the seat of five councils :
- Lateran I ( 1123 );
- Lateran II ( 1139 );
- Lateran III ( 1179 );
- Lateran IV ( 1215 );
- Lateran V ( 1512 ).
She welcomes the graves of three popes : Martin V , Clement XII and Leo XIII.
Links with France
The President of the French Republic , as successor of the kings of France , is a canon of honor.
In 1482, Louis XI had granted rights in terms of the Lateran Cathedral on Abbey Clairac Aquitaine. But the rise of Protestantism in the area prevented him from collecting such revenues. September 22, 1604 Henry IV confirmed the chapter in these rights and ensure that it is able to touch the revenues of the abbey owed. In return, the chapter erect a statue bearing the likeness of the King of France, which he attributes the title of honorary canon. Moreover, he celebrated a mass for the prosperity of France December 13, the anniversary of the birth of Henry. In 1729, Louis XV of chapter raises incomes of those two priories dependent Abbey Clairac. The French Revolution removes these rights in 1791. Louis XVIII , Charles X and Napoleon III to restore the form of an annuity, which will be finally abolished in 1871.
The traditions of the Mass of 13 December and the title of honorary canon awarded the French Head of State have continued since. However, it was neglected by the presidents of the Republic until Ren Coty. Since the beginning of the Fifth Republic , presidents Charles de Gaulle , Valery Giscard d'Estaing , Jacques Chirac went quietly take possession of their stalls. By cons, Georges Pompidou and Francois Mitterrand refused to do so, while accepting the title of canon . He pronounced among others the following sentence: "In the transmission of values and learning the difference between good and evil, the teacher can never replace the priest or pastor, even if it is important that he approaches it, because he'll always the radical sacrifice of his life and the charisma of a focused commitment by hope. "
Another link with France is emphasized: the presence on the forecourt of the basilica, a replica of the stone in honor of the victims of poverty, which opened in Paris, on the forecourt of Human Rights , Place du Trocadero , October 17, 1987, by Father Joseph Wresinski. The replica Roman was inaugurated October 15, 2000, as part of the year of Jubilee. It incorporates, in Italian, the text of the original slab, which was added a quote from Pope John Paul II , "Nevermore exclusion, discrimination, oppression, disdain of poor and small". The World Day for the Eradication of Poverty is celebrated every year on October 17.
Archpriest
As for the other three major basilicas, the function of archpriest of St. John Lateran is provided by a cardinal. Since 1970, this title, attached to the cathedral of Rome, is traditionally given to the Cardinal Vicar of Rome.
List for 1896:
- Satolli Francesco (1896-1910)
- Pietro Respighi (1910-1913)
- Domenico Ferrata (1913-1914)
- Basilio Pompilj (1914-1931)
- Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani (1931-1951)
- Benedetto Aloisi Masella (1954-1970)
- Angelo Dell'Acqua (1970-1972)
- Ugo Poletti (1973-1991)
- Camillo Ruini (1991-2008)
- Agostino Vallini (since 2008)
References
- Cross, December 20, 2007
- Video of 20 December 2007 on the official website of the Presidency of the Republic elysee.fr.
See also
Internal Links
External Links
- (In) 'Basilica of St. John in Lateran, in Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913
- Illustrated guide (English)
- (En) 360 photo of Place Saint John Lateran
- (En) 360 photo of Place Saint John Lateran (Obelisk)
- (En) Vatican: Papal Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano
- St. John Lateran Basilica, in 3 D on the Vatican website
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