Apollonius Of Tyana
Apollonius of Tyana (sometimes known by the Latin form of his name, Apollonius) is a philosopher nopythagoricien , preacher and miracle worker of the first century AD, born in 16 AD. BC in Tyana in Cappadocia and died in Ephesus in 97 or 98.
It was compared to Jesus of Nazareth , a sort of "pagan Christ" he had disciples and performed miracles. The Life of Apollonius of Tyana by Philostratus is the main source of information we have on him.
It was a great traveler, visiting countries around the Mediterranean , went to Babylon and even in India where he befriended the Brahmins. He walked barefoot, wearing long hair, eating only vegetables, refusing alcohol and sexual abstinence, living on alms, redistributing to the poor property given to him and sleeping in temples. He practiced preaching , bringing in its wake crowds who came to listen to condemn the luxury and decadence of morals, convince them not to consume animal flesh and advocate a system of community life.
Despite his fame and his many disciples, he does not have an organization or formal group, and does not form any successor to continue his task of preaching.
Apollonius bade the city of Ephesus "a crown of virtuous citizens" rather than buildings and gantries.
Summary |
Initiated Greek born in the early Christian era, he was descended from an ancient family that had provided the city of Tyana some of its founders. His father was also called Apollonius and was much the richest citizen of a prosperous town. He was born in the early years of the century and died during the reign of Nerva. At fourteen, his father brought him to Tarsus , where he had to master the Phoenician Euthydemus , famous orator of that time. From there he went to Aegae, where he found himself in connection with people of different philosophical schools. The natural inclination of his mind towards mysticism made him embrace the doctrines of preference Pythagoras , taught in the city of Heraclea Euxenus who indulged in sensual pleasures and Epicurus took as a model. Apollonius watched all his life the toughest practices of the ancient Pythagoreanism, while mingling with the doctrines of this school a strong dose of neo-Platonism. It praised his selflessness, his temperance, chastity until he uttered asceticism.
For five years he practiced silent life, in accordance with the requirements of Pythagoras. He undertook long journeys in the company of a certain Damis, who became his disciple. His travels led them in three main directions. First, Apollonius and his companions went towards the East: they passed the Pamphylia in Cilicia , from there they went to Antioch in Syria , then to Nineveh and Babylon , until India where Apollonius conversation with wise men of Egypt, the Brahmans. Then, during the reign of Nero (54-68), he headed for the West: he visited the great cities of Ionia and Greece , Rome , the Italy and Spain , staying at Gades (Cadiz ). Finally he went to the south: he visited Sicily , passed by Rhodes to win the northern coast of Africa , lived in Egypt , Alexandria (where he met Vespasian Legend
His legend has been popularized by the Life of Apollonius of Tyana , a fictionalized biography written by the Athenian Philostratus two centuries after his death. His legend continued until the fall of the Roman Empire, his classmates raised her statues and temples and compared him to Jesus Christ.
In Rome , he was banished by the Emperor Nero as a magician after resuscitating a young girl, and the emperor Domitian , force him to cut his beard and hair.
At Ephesus , September 18th 96 , before his disciples, he went into a trance chanting "Strike the tyrant!", while at the same time, the emperor Domitian was assassinated in Rome , at the instigation of his wife Domitia and praetorian prefect.
According to legend, he was also capable of being seen in two different places at the same time. This is called: bilocation or ubiquity.
Bibliography
Works of Apollonius of Tyana
A biography, three (?) Works.
1. Life
- Philostratus , Life of Apollonius of Tyana (composed around 217-245) ( Apollonius of Tyana: His life, his travels, his wonders , translated from Greek by Alexis Chassang )
- Original edition, entitled "The Wonderful in Antiquity: Apollonius of Tyana, his life, his travels, wonders, by Philostratus, and his letters (translations from Greek, with introduction, notes and explanations by Alexis Chassang). Editions Didier, Paris, 1862, XVI-492 p..
- Republished under the title "Apollonius of Tyana: His life, his travels, his miracles" (translated from Greek by Alexis Chassang, accompanied by an introduction and notes by Guy Rachet ). Sand Publishing, coll. "Wisdom and Spirituality," Paris, 1995, 348 p., Studies in French
- Alfred Emile Sebastien Dumril, Apollonius of Tyana and the state of paganism in the early centuries of the Christian era, Editions H. Duthu, Bordeaux, 1883, p. 37. Extract from the Annals of the Faculty of Arts of Bordeaux and Toulouse, 1883, No. 2.
- Maurice Magre , Magicians and Illuminati. Apollonius of Tyana. The unknown Master of the Albigenses. The Rosicrucians. The Mystery of the Templars. Nicolas Flamel and the Philosopher's Stone. Saint-Germain the Immortal. Cagliosbro the charlatan. Madame Blavatsky and the Theosophists., Hachette Library and Charpentier, Paris, 1930, 302 p.
- Mario Meunier, Apollonius of Tyana or the residence of a god among men.
- First edition: Editions Bernard Grasset, Paris, 1936, Books in English
- Philostatus , The Life of Apollonius of Tyana (translated from Greek by the Rev. Edward Berwick, with notes and illustrations), published by T. J. Payne and printing M'Creery, London, 1809, X-492 p.
- George Robert Stow Mead, Apollonius of Tyana, The Philosopher-Reform of the first century AD, A Critical Study of the Existing only record of His Life, With Some Account of the War of Opinion Regarding HIM and an introduction is The Religious brotherhoods and associations Of The Times And The possible influence of Indian Thought is Greece, Theosophical Publishing Society, London, 1901, p. IV-159.
- French translation: George Robert Stow Mead, Apollonius of Tyana the Philosopher Reformer of the first century of our era (Translator unknown), Theosophical Publications, coll. "Theosophical Library, Paris, 1906, p. 204-8
- Jarl Charpentier, The Indian Travels of Apollonius of Tyana, Almqvist editions (Uppsala) and O. Harrassowitz (Leipzig), 1934, 66 p.
- Maria Dzielska, Apollonius of Tyana in Legend and History, published by L 'Erma di Bretschneider, et al. "Problemi e ricerche di storia antica" No. 10, Rome, 1986, 229 p. ( ISBN 88-7062-599-0 ).
- Philostratus : Philostratus Apollonius of Tyana (edited and translated from Greek by Christopher P. Jones), Harvard University Press, coll. "The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 3 volumes, 2005-2006. Bilingual edition in Greek and English.
- Volume 1: Book 1-4 of the Life by Philostratus, 432 p. ( ISBN 978-0-674-99613-7 ).
- Volume 2: Book 5-8 of the Life by Philostratus, 432 p. ( ISBN 978-0-674-99614-4 ).
- Volume 3: Philostratus. Apollonius of Tyana. Letters of Apollonius. Ancient testimonia. Eusebius's Reply to Hierocles, 272 p. ( ISBN 978-0-674-99617-5 ).
- Graham Anderson, Philostratus: Biography and Belles Lettres in the Third Century AD, published by Croom Helm, London and Dover (New Hampshire), 1986, XII-322 p. ( ISBN 0709905750 ). See especially p. 121-239.
Pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana
The name was Apollonius of Tyana in Arabized Balnos Tuan, and under this author's name appears for the first time the short and very famous Emerald Table of Hermes Trismegistus , the Bible of the hermetic and of alchemy in the Book of Secret of Creation (Kitab al-Khaliq sirr) . The Arabic text dated VI century, it will be translated into Latin around 1140 by Hugh of Santalla.
- "This is the book of wise Blinous References
- Guy Rachet indignant , Louis Benoit suggested that the beggar was stoned a representation, a simulacrum of theater, saving trial in priest Apollonius cynical
- Hermes Trismegistus. The Emerald Table, Les Belles Lettres, coll. "The Sources of Tradition", 1994, foreword by Didier Kahn, P. XIII, 1-12.
See also
Related articles
External Links
- Life of Apollonius of Tyana, in 8 books, translated into French by Castillon (Berlin, 1774, 4 vols. 4to); Chassang by: Life of Apollonius of Tyana (fictionalized biography of the philosopher)
- Biography (text from the site of Apollonius of Tyana Lodge, Grand Orient de Suisse)
- First edition: Editions Bernard Grasset, Paris, 1936, Books in English
Loading ...