Antioch
36 12.08 'N 36 09.09' E / 36.20133, 36165
| Antioch Antakya, Hatay | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
| Administration | ||
| Country |  Turkey | |
| Mayor | Ltf Sava ( 2009 , AKP ) | |
| District | Antioch | |
| Prefect (vali) | Abdulkadir Sari ( 2003 ) | |
| Province | Hatay (31) | |
| Region | Mediterranean (Akdeniz Blgesi) | |
| Geography | ||
| Contact | 36 12 'North 36 10 'East / 36.20, 36.17 | |
| Demography | ||
| Population | 204 073 inhabitants. | |
| Location | ||
| ||
| Internet | ||
| City website | http://www.antakya.bel.tr | |
| Website of the Province | http://www.hatay.gov.tr | |
| Sources | ||
| World Gazetteer | ||
| Index Mundi / Turkey | ||
Antioch (in Turkish Antakya Hatay or, in Greek in Arabic ) is a city of Turkey near the border with Syria , capital of the province of Hatay. It has 139,000 inhabitants (2001), Antioch.
It is situated on the river Orontes.
Antioch was the city of departure of the Silk Road.
Summary |
Foundation
Founded around 300 BC. BC by Seleucus I. Nicator after his victory of Ipsos to Antigonus , he calls Antiocheia (in Greek ) in memory of his father Antiochus. The city is experiencing a rapid population growth because it is created by synoecism several nearby villages (megacities, Jope, Meroe and Bottier) and above 3500 families Macedonian and Greek moved from Antigone , the ancient capital of his rival, located 9 km upstream on the Orontes. Originally built back from the left bank of the river because of the risks of flooding and designed a plan hippodamian the image of Alexandria which she wants competition in the region, Antioch became one of the great cities of the ' era. Immigrants and in particular, is scarce, Jews , even given the same rights as other people.
It is also known under the names of Antioch on the Orontes River to distinguish it from other fifteen Antioch created by the monarch and Antioch spike Roman Antioch
After conquering Roman in -64 by Pompey , it became the capital of the province of Syria and, far from weakening, retains the name "Crown of the East". During the reign of Tiberius , the city expanded northward, receives a single enclosure and its center of gravity becomes an avenue of about 30 meters wide, with 3200 columns, almost parallel to the Orontes River, which separates the district of Epiphany of the rest of the city, and offered by Herod the Great. This type of planning is then imitated by almost all cities of the East. Antioch, which then had about 500,000 inhabitants, is the third city of the empire, after Rome and Alexandria.
This scene, already exceptional, suffered earthquake 37. The monuments are restored, and the emperor Gaius Caesar " Caligula "is to build Daphne baths with their water. Titus added a theater nearby. Domitian , in Antioch, built baths and a temple of Asclepius , Trajan a new bridge, a circus and even baths. Occurs very serious earthquake 115 : Trajan in person is now in town and lack of well take the cap on his head. The destruction is enormous, but Trajan and Hadrian rebuilt the city more magnificent than before. The great colonnaded commercial heart of the city, was completely rebuilt over the rubble along its entire length. The floor was then a central width of 9 m, a width lateral porticoes almost equivalent, and stores a depth of 4 meters. It was under the porticos that traveling, away from sunlight and weather, the plant floor was probably crowded with goods and small removable stands, at IV century Libanius gave a vivid evocation. Hadrian built two temples to Artemis and Trajan deified. Between 162 and 166 during his war against the Parthians, Lucius Verus stays mainly in Antioch, surrounded by a brilliant court. His adoptive brother, Marcus Aurelius had restored the baths, and especially to build the water-lily , monumental fountain decorated like a theater set. The city had yet supported the usurpation of Avidius Cassius , Marcus Aurelius, however, does not take retaliatory measures other than symbolic: it does not visit the town and back from his trip to East 176. His son Claudius Pompeianus was from the city. Convenient built new baths so monumental that the Emperor Caracalla used it to give its hearings, temples to Zeus and the Olympian Athena , and especially Xystos who was an indoor stadium.
In 193 - 194 the city sided with the governor Pescennius Niger during the civil war that pitted him against Septimius Severus. After the victory of the latter, Antioch is punished, demoted to the rank of town in the territory of Laodicea (Lattaqiyyeh), but quickly recovers its city status and capital of Syria. Better yet, with the multiplication of conflicts between the Roman Empire and the Parthian Empire and the Sassanid Empire , Antioch becoming increasingly imperial residence and the rear base of Roman campaigns in Mesopotamia. Caracalla , Macrinus , Elagabalus , Severus Alexander , Gordian III , Philip the Arab , Valerian , Aurelian , Carus , Diocletian , Galerius and Maximin Daia stay there.
During the invasion of Syria, the Persian Sassanid of Shapur I. in 252 the city, including a notable named Mariads took control, working time with the Persians, who changed their minds and destroy it from top to bottom, shifting Iran much of the population. It was rebuilt by Valerian , and may be taken over by the Persians in 260. In the fourth century , it regains its importance, and is an imperial residence of Caesar Constantius Gallus about 350, who rules the city in an atmosphere of police terror. Antioch is that the slingers were happy, not hesitating to criticize the emperor as Julien who stayed during the winter of 362/363. The offensive nicknames that inflict the Antioch irritate the point where it responds with a speech pamphlet, the Misopogon Antioch Christian Antioch - not to be confused with Antioch in Pisidia - is one of the first restraints of Christianity emerging. A community of followers of Christ it develops in the early years of Christianity and, according to Acts of the Apostles (11, 26), this is where the followers of Jesus are first called "Christians". Antioch is very early, the seat of one of the patriarchs of the East Christians claiming the apostolate of St. Peter , whose tradition is the first bishop of the city. According to later tradition, the Golden Legend , St. Pierre was appointed bishop of Antioch after converting her prince by raising his son dead for fourteen years. In the early second century , the Church of Antioch is already highly organized, with St. Ignatius as bishop since the year 69. Around 270 Christians of Antioch are divided, some supporting their controversial bishop Paul of Samosata , while others rely on the arbitration of the Emperor Aurelian to drive him from his episcopal residence. In the fourth century , the Church of Antioch is considered the largest in Christendom after Rome and Alexandria. It is one of the first cities of the empire to build a large cathedral (between 327 and 341 ) with dome and mosaics that preserved the relics of St Julian of Antioch. The religious significance of Antioch gradually decreases with the rise of Constantinople and the erection of Jerusalem in patriarchy. Moreover, the Church of Antioch is weakened by the heresies Arian (Council of Antioch in 324 ) and Nestorian and Monophysite. For Fourth and fifth centuries , a brilliant school exegetical part in theological controversies of the time arguing in particular the need for a literal interpretation of texts of the Bible. Its main representatives are Diodorus of Tarsus , Theodore of Mopsuestia , Theodoret of Cyr and especially John Chrysostom. They object mainly to school allegorical Alexandria. The city was largely destroyed by a terrible earthquake in 526 , which would have made more than 250 000 victims, and then again taken and pillaged by the Persians in 538 who deported a large part of its population in the vicinity of Ecbatana. The city was rebuilt by Justinian who raise a new wall, but on a smaller area, and recast as the Thoupolis (City of God). Taken over by the Persians Sassanid the seventh century , it is time recaptured by Heraclius , before being taken by the Arabs in 638 , under the caliphate of Omar. Antioch becomes Byzantine in 966 during the phase of reconquest undertaken by Nicephorus Phocas. But a century later, in 1084 , the Turkish Seljuk s' in possession of it. The city was conquered by the Crusaders on 2 June 1098. They make the capital of a principality in favor of Bohemond I of Taranto , eldest son of Robert Guiscard. This principality declines fairly quickly fast enough and is limited to the suburbs of Antioch. The city was finally taken over by the Sultan Mamluk Baybars in 1268. His downfall then announced the end of Christian rule in Syria. The Turks took the city in 1489 Monuments and other places Antioch Middle Age
Modern Era
Native renowned Antioch
References
See also
Bibliography
Related aticle
External Links
Districts of the province of Hatay ( 31 ) in the region Mediterranean Districts Altnz Antakya (Hatay) Belen Drtyol Erzin Hassa Alexandretta Kirikhan Kumlu Reyhanl Samanda Yaylada 
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