Anan Ben David
Anan ben David is often regarded as the founder of Karaism (a form of Judaism that split off from rabbinic Judaism by rejecting the oral law ), or at least the founder of a core group of the movement Karaite , the which rallied to the ideas of Anan ben David in the Bible , the transmigration of souls , ascetic practices, rites of mourning, and the attitude to medicine and so on.
Sages of Karaites were later sharply critical of his person and his teachings, which led some to believe that he has no part in his movement and Karaism, pineapple, it would be built later. However, the dynasty of Nessi'im he founded the Karaite ruled for six generations.
Summary |
Background
In the second half of the seventh century and the entire eighth, an intellectual ferment generated by the Arab conquests and the collision of Islam with ancient beliefs and cultures of the world, led to the emergence of numerous sects, particularly in Persia in Babylonia and Syria. Judaism lives briefly reemerge trends disappeared as Sadducees and the Essenes in a fleeting attempt at resurrection.
At that time, the Abbasid power, whose center was located in Damascus, was transported to Baghdad, a major rabbinic. The Geonim , directors Talmudic Babylonian academies, saw themselves as the last link in the chain of Posqim (decision) of the oral tradition, and allow himself the exclusivity of biblical exegesis.
The Babylonian tradition is then transmitted to other Jewish communities around the world, the Torah was understood more in terms of the Babylonian Talmud and codes gueoniques. This provoked growing resentment towards Geonim and the formation of dissident movements, usually centered on the Messianic contenders, opposed to the Talmud and oral law, denying any divine character.
These splinter groups, including the Isawites the Yudganites the Shadganites the Malakite the Mishawaites, etc.. were not intended to fire longer, and would probably be returned to the fold of Judaism Pharisee without the intervention of Anan ben David.
Biographical Elements
The life of Anan ben David is not well known, and the only source that possesses the property of the Karaite tradition. According to it, Anand was born in Persia in 715 CE, within a family of Davidic descent (hence the title of Nasi ). He is known for his knowledge in the Act as written in the Oral Law.
Around 760 CE, on the death of exilarch Jewish Babylon (probably Isaac Iskawi II), Josiah (Hassan) was elected as successor by Geonim , directors of academies Babylonian and notables. This choice was endorsed by the Caliph of Baghdad. However, not all scientists accept this version. A controversy also shares researchers and hakhamim both Rabbinites that Karaites on whether Annan was really founded the Karaite Judaism. Some modern scholars, he founded "and" pineapple, which differed significantly from Karaism and never joined in the centuries that followed. The existence of a particularized ananite group apart from other streams of Judaism is referred to as Al-Qirqisani, which also mentions Benjamin ) by Messaoudi, a Muslim who writes with the same period. An analysis of these sources has recently led to the hypothesis that the separation between Judaism and pineapple Rabbanite did not take place in the time of Anan ben David (they in fact attended the same schools) but its back small son, Anan II. Others point out however that if Messaoudi described ananites and Karaites as two different groups, they share the same schedule. An Afghan scholar, Albironi (973-1048) saw the ananites as a special movement of Karaites. It seems in any case Anan ben David has given opponents of the Oral Law two bases that had been missing: the legitimacy of Davidic descent, and tools for study leading to a critique of a constructed otherwise impenetrable system. It is through this he could gather a group and went into the memory of many Karaites as a founder or current. Anan devoted himself to developing his new approach to religion and his new code. His Sefer ha-Mitzvot (precepts of the book) was published in 770. It has adopted many principles and views of other forms of anti-rabbinic Judaism that had previously existed. It would have taken much to former Sadducees and Essenes , some memories still survive, and whose writings - or at least the writings attributed to them - were still outstanding. It also seems to have been influenced by the approach of Abu Hanifah , who sometimes interpreted the Koran in a symbolic sense, not literal. The will of David ben back to the biblical text led him to tighten certain requirements. In his "book of precepts" as he maintains that Israel is in exile the flesh of domestic animals is prohibited. This precept had been preached before Anan, the Talmud relates that after the destruction of the Second Temple, some ascetics (Perushim) had sought to ban meat and wine because they were used in the temple ritual. Conversely, Anan does not reflect the Talmudic prohibition of mixing milk and meat, but the prohibition of the flesh of domestic animals made this little flexibility of object. Anan ben David, in contradiction with the Karaites as Daniel Al-koumiss , had little respect for science, as is often shown in his "book of precepts." It prohibits the use of medicine because of the biblical passage "for I am the Lord who heals you" ( Exodus 15:26 ). He decreed that the astronomy , poorly differentiated at the time of astrology was a form of divination, which is prohibited by the Bible. In so doing, it undermined the very basis of the rabbinic calendar. study of the foundations and precepts Karaites from Parshat Emor by Rabbi campus of Bar-Ilan University.
According to the Karaite version of the facts, Anan ben David would have opposed the leader of the great rabbinical court and exilarch beginning to criticize the Oral Torah and not stick to the written Torah. The Rabbinites have decided to fight it, and have spread the rumor that he rebelled against the Caliphate, a crime punishable by death.
Depending on the version of the facts Rabbanite, Anan, brother of Hanina, was vying for succession this highly coveted in the death of his uncle Salomon. He would have wanted this job and not fought against him. In his Sefer HaKabbala, written in the twelfth century, 4 centuries after the fact by Rabbi Abraham ibn Dawd , the sages from whom studied Anan did not liked, feeling of pride in him (peritsout) and a lack of fear (the Lord). Therefore they would have preferred his brother for the position of Hanina exilarch, and in return he would contest the decision and gathered supporters from sects Sadduccean Historic Reviews
Some believe that because of their similarities, these two stories could have been forged on the basis of one another, without reflecting any historical reality. Leon Nemoy notes that " Natrona Gaon (who lived at the place where Anan was active), 90 years after the secession of Anan, does not indicate anything about his Davidic descent , nor of the dispute for the position that exilarch was the cause of his alleged apostasy, "and the Karaite heresiologists Ya'acov Al-Qirqisani does not say more .
According to the official version, he was a master of religious and political gathering all the opponents of the Oral Torah, and creating the Karaism to purify Judaism Pharisaic traditions. However, he himself was called by his followers Rabbenou and Ya'acov Al-Qirqisani a Karaite hakham the 10th century, said that they followed him like Rabbinites or that its interpretation was highly "tainted" by rabbinate. The system of Anan ben David
Requirements
Laws for ritual slaughtering
Circumcision
Laws of Shabbat
Science
References
See also
Source
Currents related to Judaism Mosaic Yahwism Samaritanism Sabbatasme Frankisme 
Historical currents Judean sect: Sadducees Boethusiens Pharisees Chassidim Essenes Cult of the Dead Sea Zealots Sicarii
Hellenistic Judaism : Jews of Elephantine Therapeutae Jews from the Hellenistic and Roman Egypt
Min : Nazarenes Ebionites Crinthiens Elcsates
Currents of the eighth century Issawi Yudghanisme Orthodox Judaism Modern Orthodox Dati Leumi Ultra-Orthodox Hasidim : Lubavitch Gur Breslav Belz Satmar
Non-Hassidim : Mussar Edah Haredit Neturei Karta Hardal Karaism Pineapple Benjamins Avelei Tzion Tiflissim Asheri Talmid
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