Anabaptist
The Anabaptism is the current Protestant who preaches a baptism voluntary and conscious at an age when the person is able to understand the commitment it takes. The word comes from the Greek ecclesiastical anabaptizein meaning "baptized again". This thought is an essential point of the Radical Reformation Protestant.
The term has historically taken a political sense, in the sense that the movement opposed to political and religious place in the canton of Bern in the sixteenth century.
Summary |
History
Origin
According to the Gospel of Mark , "Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned Different Anabaptists
The term "Anabaptist" brings together different communities, which may have nothing to do with each other. Bullinger , successor of Zwingli in Zurich , has developed a typology of Anabaptists appear where a dozen communities, including:
- The Swiss Brethren were formed in the entourage of Zwingli in Zurich. Unlike the latter, they believe that religion should not be institutionalized and seek the freedom to choose their pastors. Moreover, they believe that the mandatory nature of baptism disqualifies him. Zwingli them out of the city while on the same day Grebel rebaptism clears.
- Anabaptists around Melchior Hoffman believe that the Lord's Supper is a symbolic act. Melchior Hoffman finds himself in Strasbourg where he became friends with Martin Bucer. As he thought the end of the world is near ( 1538 ), he hastens to proceed rebaptism. Agreeing well with the city magistrate, he may make rebaptism friends. His followers will go to Munster where John of Leyden wins the election and founded a kingdom of his eschatological.
- The Hutterites live in community, withdrawn into themselves. In 1650 , there were 10 000. Living groups, they consider that the individual has total obedience to the laws of his community, he who transgresses immediately became a pariah.
- The Brethren (Brothers), appeared in the Palatinate German to 1708, when Alexander Mack and his followers call themselves in the river Eder. Called First Baptist Brethren German, they emigrated to North America where they founded various churches that continue today.
The companies are mostly urban Anabaptist and pacifist, but to the horror of the non-baptism among other Christians, they flee to the countryside where they hope to avoid repression. Between 1525 and 1529, there are only 29 in Zurich and 10 to Schaffhausen. Around 1630 , they estimated the number of 4000 The "munzerisme" Dissent of the Anabaptists The munzerisme is not representative of Anabaptism , but it relies on the idea to develop a more comprehensive approach to the preparation of the reign of the eschatological Christ. In 1521 , Thomas Muenzer first pastor Lutheran broke with Luther when he lives in Prague. With Nicolas Stork , he preached the ideas Anabaptists in Bohemia and Silesia , while advocating a more radical reform of social institutions. Muenzer's ideas and Stork called into question the private ownership of land. They were a big hit among the peasants. Logically, Muenzer supported the peasants revolted against their lords. Muenzer dreamed of founding a new monarchy, theocracy in Germany. He was taken prisoner during a rout of his army and was executed. The Peasants' War or War of the beggars died in 1525 : it was drowned in blood. Anabaptism was not dead so far. The dream cherished by Muenzer remained in the heart of some. So in January Matthijs and John of Leiden (Jan van Leiden) took the lead in the insurgency to establish a theocracy in the city of Mnster. The allied army of the princes was not slow to lay siege to the rebellious city. The besieged, fanatical in their own strength, gave free rein to their imagination religious: John of Leyden, for example, as did David Joris (another pacifist Anabaptist leader about him), went so far as to proclaim himself the successor of David and, like the king , joined several women. When, in 1535 , after a year of siege and fierce resistance, the city was stormed, John of Leyden and his lieutenants succumbed under torture. Conquerors called Anabaptists were hunted and pursued across Germany and into Switzerland. Those among them who escaped rallied the Anabaptists called peaceful , strictly religious communion with emphasis on adult baptism and personal inspiration in the interpretation of the Bible. They are the cause of certain religious denominations like the Mennonites which are related to the Amish , and indirectly other Protestant churches such as Baptists , Evangelicals, Adventists and Pentecostals. Others, led by Hutter , a disciple of Nicolas Stork , retired in Moravia and called themselves the Habani. Their ceramics and pottery (habnska keramika) are very significantly among others known in Slovakia for their refined style and inspired. Communities of Hutterites remain in North America. The Swiss Anabaptists settled mainly in the Bernese Jura , mostly as farmers. They speak with the family and the Swiss-German, although their children attend area schools in French. The dissent Amish was born in 1693 in Sainte Marie aux Mines under the leadership of Jacob Amman. This community is very present in the United States. The challenge of infant baptism or pdobaptisme is a constant reflection of Churches Protestant in Europe. There was in 1950 , then in the 1970s , growth of a movement in favor of postponing the baptism at an age of mindfulness. Marguerite Yourcenar has devoted a chapter (Death in Mnster) of The Abyss on Mnster Anabaptist headquarters by coalition forces Catholic and Lutheran. Anabaptism Today
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