Altruistic Suicide
| Suicide | |
| Author | Emile Durkheim |
|---|---|
| Genre | Test |
| Country of origin |  France |
| Publication date | 1897 |
Suicide, published in 1897 , is an empirical sociological study in which Emile Durkheim implements the methodological principles that previously defined in . In this book he defends the idea that suicide is a social fact in its own right - it has on individuals and coercive power outside - and, as such, it can be analyzed by sociology. This phenomenon, which might be thought at first it is determined by reasons within the intimate, psychological,
Durkheim will first seek to identify the causes of suicide and then propose a typology of suicide, according to their causes.
Summary |
Causes of suicide
| Suicide |
 |
| General |
| Autolysis Attempted suicide Idea suicidal Euthanasia Culture of Death List of countries by suicide rate suicide People: List Category |
| Particular forms of suicide |
| Suicide Murder-Suicide Suicide collective Forced Suicide ( Kamikaze ) Suicide by police interposed |
| Science and suicide |
| Right |
|
| Medicine |
| Epidemiology Psychiatric Causes |
| Sociology |
|
| Beliefs and suicide |
| Philosophy |
| Religion |
| Mayan religion : Ixtab Judaism : Kiddush Hashem Islam : Shaheed |
| Suicide and Arts |
| Realization of suicide |
| Suicide method |
| Including: Firearms Suicide bombing Self mutilation Electrocution Hypothermia Immolation Drowning Hanging Jumping Suffocation |
| This box: view disc. mod. |
Durkheim observed that religion , the family , protect certain political suicide. Religion and family are instances of integration of individuals to protect them from suicide morally prohibiting them from committing suicide. The war and revolutions seem also protect against suicide in times of public disorder, suicide rates tend to decrease because during this time, individuals are built around major issues national rekindle that sense of belonging to a society.
Thus one of the determinants of suicide that emerges is that of integration, protection factor trends suicidogenic: "Suicide varies inversely with the degree of integration of social groups of which the individual
Besides the issue of integration, the regulation is the second cause that can account suicide rates. If companies integrate, they also have regulatory powers: they provide rules that individuals must follow that dictate their behavior and provide benchmarks.
From these two main causes are the integration and regulation, Durkheim identifies four main types of suicide.
Typology of Suicide
- Suicide selfish egoistic suicide occurs when a the individual is not sufficiently connected to others. The company keeps people alive by integrating them (see the suicide of singles).
- Altruistic suicide: the opposite of egoistic suicide, altruistic suicide is determined by an People no longer belong more and can come to kill himself by having (it may have in mind the suicides in the military, cults, etc.)..
- Anomic suicide: anomic suicide occurs when a regulation, standards are less important, they have become increasingly blurred. Individuals are less bound, their lines are less resolved, their desires are more limited or focused. They can experience the "bad infinity" where everything seems possible in fact, all is not.
- Suicide fatalistic fatalistic suicide, meanwhile, intervened in cases social life is highly regulated, the leeway individual are reduced. Social control, the standards are too high (eg ritual hara-kiri in Japan).
| Default | Excess | |
|---|---|---|
| Integration | Egoistic suicide | Altruistic suicide |
| Regulation | Anomic suicide | Fatalistic suicide |
Ultimately, this volume, there is the concern of Durkheim for social cohesion - a concern that is found upon his thesis, The Division of Social Work. Durkheim establishes a causal relationship between unbalanced forms of social bond (defect / excess integration; failure / excessive regulation) and suicide rates.
Notes
Related articles
Bibliography
- E. Durkheim, Suicide. Study of Sociology (1897), Paris, Payot, coll. "Petite Bibliothque Payot," 2009 ( ISBN 2-228-90382-5 )
- 1897 - Suicide - read online.
- Mr. Lally, History of sociological ideas, backgrounds Weber, Paris, Nathan, 2000
- P. Steiner, The sociology of Durkheim, Paris, La dcouverte, 2000
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