Algirdas Julien Greimas
Algirdas Julien Greimas born in 1917 in Tula , in Russia and died in 1992 in Paris , France is a linguist and semiotician original Lithuanian and French-speaking, the founder of semiotics -inspired saussuro Hjelmslevian and host of "Group semiotic-linguistic research "( EHESS / CNRS ) and the Paris School of Semiotics. His main works are structural Semantics (1966), Meaning (1970) and Meaning II (1983).
Summary |
Biography and route
Greimas born March 9, 1917 at Tula in Russia Lithuanian parents. His studies led him to the degree in 1934. He then studied law in Kaunas ( Lithuania ).
From 1936 to 1939 , Greimas is in France at Grenoble where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts. It marks a pronounced taste for the Middle Ages and turned to studies of dialectology Franco- Provenal under the direction of Antonin Duraffour. It investigates the Grsivaudan seeking a substrate Ligurian pre- Celtic.
Restarts Greimas in Lithuania in 1939 for his military service, while the country was successively invaded by the Soviets ( 1940 ) and Germans ( 1941 ). His first article is a metaphor for the anti-Nazi published in Lithuanian, "Cervantes and his Don Quixote," Varpa, Literary Almanac. In 1944 , while Lithuania is again invaded by the Soviets, he returned to France.
Greimas enrolled at the Sorbonne doctoral thesis under the direction of University Ch Bruneau on the vocabulary of fashion. It is transformed into state thesis and defended in 1948 : Fashion in 1830. Test description vocabulary dress from fashion magazines of the time, Doctor of Letters Thesis, Paris (431 pages) Some reflections of social life in 1830, secondary Thesis, Paris (147 pages). This work is inspired by the synchronic lexical analysis (or static) Mator George , with whom he published the same year "The Method in lexicology. About some recent theories," Romanische Forschungen, LX and 1950 "Method in lexicology, II ", Romanische Forschungen, LXII.
After being an intern researcher at CNRS becomes in 1949 a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters of Alexandria, Egypt, where he teaches the history of the French language. There he met Roland Barthes and Charles Singevin , and gradually abandoned it deems inappropriate lexicology to structure the semantic fields.
Inspired by the work of Merleau-Ponty and Lvi-Strauss , he published "The News of saussure" The Modern French , 3, 1956 and applies, according to Saussure a world organized and grasped its meaning. The objective is to develop a unified methodology of social sciences.
In 1958 he was appointed in Turkey , in Ankara , where he holds the Chair of English Language and French grammar. From 1960 , he also teaches at the University of Istanbul and create with J. Dubois, JC Knight, H. Mitterand's Society for the Study of French language. He was appointed in 1962 professor of French linguistics at the University of Poitiers.
He published in 1963 How to define undefined? (Test of semantic description), Studies in Applied Linguistics, 2, in reference to the work of Viggo Brondal (da) , then the description of the significance and comparative mythology, The Man, seven-Dec. 1963, drafted after a meeting with Dumzil.
From 1963 to 1964 he teaches a course in structural semantics of quantitative linguistics Center of Paris (Institut Poincar) to be released in part by the Ecole Normale Superieure de Saint-Cloud the next year.
In 1965 , he became director of studies at the VI section of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes. He is a regular contributor to the magazine The modern French.
In 1966 , Greimas founded with Roland Barthes , Jean Dubois , Bernard Pottier and Bernard Quemada Languages for the journal "all systems of signifiers, from the moment they appear as hierarchical relational structures" (Presentation).
Roman Jakobson Kazimierz organizes a symposium of semiotics. It creates the International Association of Semiotics (International Association for Semiotic Studies) which Greimas is secretary general.
He founded the "Research Group semiotic-linguistic" (GRSL) in the Laboratory of Social Anthropology of L ' Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes and the College de France with the support of Claude Levi-Strauss and the participation of Roland Barthes. The main members are: Jean-Claude Coquet , Oswald Ducrot , Grard Genette , Kristeva , Christian Metz , Francois Rastier and Tzvetan Todorov.
It publishes Structural Semantics - Research Method in Cambridge, which will be translated into Italian (1969), Spanish (1971), German (1971), Portuguese (1973), Danish (1974), Finnish (1980) and English (1983). It is the founding text of what was to become the Paris School of Semiotics.
In 1968 , in the article "The Interaction of Semiotic Constraints," Yale French Studies, 41 (with Francis Rastier ), it sets up for the first time the "constitutional model" which will become the semiotic square. The first example of an investment model semantics deals with the system of sex.
He published in 1969 a former French Dictionary by Larousse.
In 1970 , Greimas is scientific director of the International Centre for Semiotics and Linguistics (Centro Internazionale di Semiotica e di Linguistica) of Urbino ( Italy ) has just been created.
It publishes the Threshold of Meaning. In the Introduction, unpublished, he noted: "Man lives in a world of meaning. For him, the problem of meaning does not arise, the meaning is established, it is self-evident, as a "feeling of understanding" natural. "And adds:" Determining the presence of multiple forms of meaning and modes of existence, interpreting them as instances of horizontal and vertical levels of service, describe the course of transposition and transformation of content, these are all tasks which today no longer seem utopian. Only such a semiotic forms may occur in the foreseeable future, as the language to talk sense. For precisely the semiotic form is nothing but a sense of meaning. "The book contains fourteen articles published before 1970.
In 1971 , he participated in the First International Congress of European Ethnology, where he offers "Reflections on the ethno-semiotic objects".
In 1974 , he wrote the article "Semiotics" for Great Larousse Encyclopedia.
In 1977 is created Bulletin of the Research Group semiotic language, thematic publishing four issues a year, under the direction of Anne Henault, followed in 1979 Papers, preprints or working papers signed by geographic backgrounds semioticians various theoretical inspirations or under the direction of Eric Landowski. They will quickly become Acts and Proceedings Bulletin semiotic semiotic Documents.
Greimas's semiotics applied to a story of Maupassant and published with Joseph runs a Dictionary of Language Theory (1979). The fields of application will expand the social discourse ethics and aesthetics. He died in Paris in 1992 after its desired form semiotic methods in schools: the School of Paris semiotics Publications See also
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