Alexy Ii Of Moscow
Alexei II ( Russian : II), born Alexei Mikhailovich Ridiger in Tallinn in Estonia on 23 February 1929 and died on 5 December 2008 at his residence in Peredelkino near Moscow in Russia , is the 15thPatriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church with the title of ( 1990 - 2008 ).
The surname von Ridiger comes from an old noble family Germano-Baltic , having embraced the orthodoxy in the eighteenth century.
He has had a difficult relationship with John Paul II about the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. He missed the meeting with Benedict XVI , which was the first ecumenical .
On 2 October 2007 , he traveled to France where no Russian Orthodox patriarch had not visited a Catholic country since Rome had broken with the Christians of the East in 1054 .
Summary |
Family Origins
Alexei Mikhailovich Ridiger was born in Tallinn in Estonia. His father, Mikhail von Ridiger (1902-1962), born in St. Petersburg was a descendant of a noble family Germano-Baltic Spit whose ancestors Captain Heinrich Nicolaus (Nils) Rdinger, commander of the fortress of Dnamnde (now renamed Daugavgriva ) in Swedish Livonia was knighted by Charles XI of Sweden in 1695. After the Swedish Estonia and Swedish Livonia were incorporated into the Russian Empire after the Great Northern War in the early eighteenth century , another ancestor of Alexis II, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Rdiger (1780-1840 ) converts to the Orthodox religion during the reign of Catherine II of Russia. From his marriage with Daria was born Fiodorovona Yerjemskaa the future great-great-grandfather of the patriarch, Yegor (George) von Rdiger (1811-1848) .
After the October Revolution in Russia 1917, and Alexander von Aglae Ridiger (nee von Baltz), parents of Mikhail von Ridiger, went into exile with their families in Estonia. Mikhail von Ridiger moved to Haapsalu where accommodation was provided by the priest Ralph von zur Muehlen . Later, the father of the Patriarch moved to Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, where he met and married in 1926 the mother of Alexis II, Helen Yossifovna Pisarev (1902-1959) who was born and died Tallinn, Estonia
The father of Alexis Ridiger, after graduating in theology from the University of Tallinn in 1940, became a deacon and then priest and rector of the Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God, Tallinn, later it will Member and Chair of the Diocesan Council of Estonia.
Youth
From its infancy, Alexis Ridiger served in the Orthodox Church under the leadership of his spiritual father: the Archpriest Ioann Bogoyavlensky.
Alexis Ridiger made his high school in Tallinn, Estonia.
Between May 1945 and October 1946, Alexis Ridiger was an altar boy at the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky in Tallinn and then from 1946, psalm reader to the church of St. Simeon and from 1947 to Church of the Icon of Kazan to the Mother of God in Tallinn .
Early career
He entered the seminary of Leningrad in 1947 and graduated in 1949. He then studied at the Leningrad Theological Academy (now the seminary in St. Petersburg ) and graduated in 1953 , .
On 15 April 1950, he was ordained deacon by Metropolitan Gregory (Tchoukov) of Leningrad and April 17, 1950, he was ordained priest and appointed rector of the Church of the Epiphany in the town of Johvi , in the diocese of Tallinn in Estonia. 15 July 1957 he was appointed rector of the Cathedral of the Dormition ( Assumption ) in Tallinn and Dean of the District of Tartu. He was elevated to archpriest August 17, 1958 and March 30, 1959, he was appointed dean of deans united Tartu- Viljandi in the diocese of Tallinn. March 3, 1961, he was consecrated a monk in the cathedral of the Lavra Trinity-St Sergius .
He was married priest as allowed by the orthodox religion, and divorced, then become a monk and become bishop of Tallinn .
On 14 August 1961, he was chosen to be Bishop of Tallinn and Estonia. June 23, 1964, he was elevated to archbishop, February 25, 1968 at the age of 39 years, Metropolitan .
From 1986 until his election as patriarch , he was Metropolitan of Novgorod and Leningrad. After the death of Patriarch Pimen I in 1990, Alexis was chosen to become the new Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church. He was chosen on the basis of his administrative experience, and was regarded as "intelligent, energetic, hardworking, systematic, insightful, and practical" . He also had "a reputation as a conciliator, someone who could find common ground among diverse groups in the episcopate" . Archbishop Chrysostom (Martychkine) remarked: "With its peaceful temperament and his tendency to tolerance, Patriarch Alexy will be able to unite us all" .
Patriarch of Moscow
Patriarch Alexy II was "the first patriarch of Soviet history to be chosen without pressure from the government and candidates were nominated by oral proposal and the election took place by secret ballot" .
Upon taking office, Patriarch Alexis became a staunch advocate of the Church, calling the Soviet government to permit religious instruction in schools and to pass a law on "freedom of conscience." During the attempted coup of August 1991 , he denounced the arrest of Mikhail Gorbachev and launched the anathema against the perpetrators of the coup . He publicly questioned the legitimacy of the junta, the military called for restraint and demanded that Gorbachev be allowed to address the population . He launched a second appeal against violence and fratricidal war, which has been through the speakers heard by the troops outside the Russian White House , the Russian parliament, half an hour before the attack . Ultimately, the coup failed and the situation eventually led to the breakup of the Soviet Union .
Under his leadership, victims of religious repression of the Soviet regime were glorified (the equivalent of canonization of the Catholic Church ), starting with the Grand Duchess Elizabeth , Metropolitan Vladimir of Kiev, and Metropolitan Benjamin Petrograd in 1992 . En 2000, ce fut au tour du Tsar Nicolas II et de sa famille, ainsi que de nombreuses autres victimes d'tre canonises . New names continue to be added to the list of martyrs, after reviewing each case to the Commission Synodal Canonization .
Patriarch Alexy has also issued statements condemning anti-Semitism .
It was in 2005, the first winner of State Prize of the Russian Federation for his humanitarian work .
On April 27, 2007, some Russian media have expressed a serious condition and even death of the patriarch , , which has been shown later that this was a hoax. Patriarch Alexy said that while the motivation of these rumors was to derail the reconciliation to come between the Russian Orthodox Church loyal to the Moscow Patriarchate and the Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia . "As you can see I'm healthy, I am active, I am alive," said he would . Despite his age, he seemed healthy and he continued to lead a pastoral life force. He was seen frequently on Russian television, celebrating offices and meeting various government officials.
He died at his home in Peredelkino, December 5, 2008, and was buried in the Cathedral of the Epiphany.
A medical board responsible for establishing the causes of death met . However, according to the Russian agency of international information RIA Novosti , his death was caused by cardiac arrest.
See also
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References
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Preceded by Alexy II of Moscow Followed by Pimen I. 
Primates of the Russian Orthodox Church Cyril I. Preceded by:
'List of bishops of Novgorod Followed by:
Leo Tserpitski
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