Ala Ad Dawla Muhammad
O-Ala Mohammad bin dowleh Dochmanziyr Pesare Kkuyeh is a military Daylamites who founded the short-lived but important Dynasty Kakouyides in Jibal independently and then survives under the domination of the Seljuks in Abar Kuh and Yazd. He is nicknamed Pesare Kkuyeh or e-ben Kkwy this nickname comes from a local dialect word meaning `Ala 'al-Daula died in September 1041.
Summary |
Biography
Rostam, the father of `Ala 'ad-Dawla Muhammad, was a soldier serving Buyids who were given land in the Elbrus in appreciation of his services. Its mission is to protect the territories of the region Buyids Ray and northern Jibal cons of local leaders Tabaristan. Rostam was the uncle of Sayyida mother of the Emir Buyid Ray, Majd al-Daula Rustam and that of Hamadan , Shams Abu Tahir al-Daula. Both are under the guardianship of their mother Sayyida until his death in 1028. `Ala 'ad-Dawla is a cousin of Sayyida.
Given these family ties, it is not surprising that in 1007-1008 `Ala 'ad-Dawla Muhammad was governor of Isfahan, on behalf of Buyids. Some sources say he was already in place in 1003 . The fragility of Majd al-Daula encourages `Ala 'ad-Dawla to extend its domain in areas still uncontrolled north and west of these mountains held by Kurdish independent as Banu Annaz of Hulwn.
Hamadan is taking for `Ala 'ad-Dawla a priority. The Buyids are dislodged in 1023. Dinavar and Chapura-Khwst are taken to Kurdish leaders. The following years were spent defending these conquests against the Kurds and other Daylamites as the princes (isphbdh) Bawandides of Tabaristan.
In 1027 , `Ala 'ad-Dawla won a great victory over his rivals Nahavand. He consolidates his power status unique Jibal while the Emir al Dawla Majd Buyid Ray remains the sovereign title. `Ala 'ad-Dawla coinage in his name. He received the Caliph Abbasid Al-Qadir , and without the intervention of Buyids, the title of "Amir Husam al-Mu'minn" (Sword of the Commander of the Faithful)
In 1029 , the Majd al-Dawla Buyids takes Ray to Ghaznavids. Sultan Mas'ud I. directs the operations north-west Persia. He brings a new and menacing in the tortuous politics of the region. Mas'ud pushed further west, with the idea clearly expressed to release the Abbasids Guardianship Buwayhid Shiites and other schismatics.
`Ala 'al-Daula in Isfahan temporarily waives and Hamadan. He fled in his cousins Buyids to Ahwaz. He made peace with the rapidly Ghaznavids and returns as their vassal. He must pay an annual tribute of 200,000 dinars he pays only sporadically. He managed to extend its domain to Yazd. The Ghaznavids are not able to control their conquests too far from Ghazni. `Ala 'ad-Dawla Ray resumed for some time in 1030. The region is witnessing a series of rebellions and repression by Ghaznavids.
In 1035 , the Ghaznavid Mas'ud continues `Ala 'ad-Dawla who again finds refuge with her cousins in Ahwaz. `Ala 'al-Daula took the opportunity to recruit reinforcements in the ranks of the troops called" Iraqi "composed of Turkmens or Oghuz. In 1037/38, `Ala 'ad-Dawla help of his assistants takes Ray to Ghaznavids Turkmen.
With the chronic insecurity in the Jibal, `Ala 'ad-Dawla devoted years to building a defensive wall around the city of Isfahan. The town is attacked by its fortifications and she escaped the looting had been Hamadan. It became a city dominated by the Turks in 1038-1039.
`Ala 'al-Daula died in September 1041 when he led a campaign in Kurdistan against the Banu Annaz. He managed to preserve its sphere of attacks by its neighbors Buyids, Ghaznavids and Seljuks. He demonstrated his qualities as a strategist and diplomat. His eldest son Abu Mansur Faramarz Zahir ad-Din succeeded him in Isfahan while his younger Kalyr Garchps Abu `Ala 'ad-Dawla I. took power in Hamadan. They have the difficult task of maintaining the status kakouyide cons of expansionism Seljuks.
Legacy
`Ala 'ad-Dawla is the opposite of an uncultured barbarian as were some of the commanders Daylamites earlier. He received his court philosopher Avicenna after he left the court Buyids to Hamadan. The great philosopher and scientist died in service in 1037. Avicenna dedicated his encyclopaedia to the emir. The library of `Ala 'ad-Dawla was sacked by Ghaznavids that carry at Ghazni where it is destroyed by Ghurids.
| Preceded by | `Ala 'ad-Dawla Muhammad | Followed by | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu Mansur Faramarz Zahir ad-Din | |||||
| Sama 'ad-Dawla ( Buyids ) |
| Kalyr Garchps Abu `Ala 'ad-Dawla I. |
Notes
- Persian : ala o-dowleh mohammad bin domanzir Pesare kkyeh,
- Arabic : ala ad-Dawla Ab ja far ibn Muhammad ibn dumanziyr kkwy,
, Nobility of the Empire - (en) CE Bosworth, " `Ala 'ad-Dawla Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Rustam Duchmanziyr marzubn bin ", in Encyclopdia Iranica Online
- Chapura-Khwst: Huge fortress Sassanid near Khorramabad capital of Lorestan. Its current name is Falak-ol-Aflak ((in Persian : , Firmament firmaments)) is now a museum ( 33 28 '56 "N 48 21' 16" E / 33.482355, 48.354435 )
- Arabic Husam Amir al-Mu'minin, , Sword of the Commander of the Faithful
- Muharram 433 AH
See also
Related articles
Links and external documents
- (Ar) / , The Kakuyides / The Banu Kkyah
- Janine and Dominique Sourdel, Historical Dictionary of Islam, ed. PUF, ( ISBN 978-2-130-54536-1 ), Article Kakouyides, pp. 452-453.
- (In) CE Bosworth, " `Ala 'ad-Dawla Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Rustam Duchmanziyr marzubn bin ", in Encyclopdia Iranica Online
- (In) CE Bosworth, " Kkuyids (Kakwayhids) ", in Encyclopdia Iranica Online
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