Aim Jules Dalou.

Dalou
Aim-Jules Dalou in his studio.
Birth name	Aim-Jules Dalou
Birth	31 December 1838 Paris , le-de-France , France
Deaths	15 April 1902 (63 years) Paris , le-de-France , France
Nationality	French
Occupation (s)	Sculptor

Aim-Jules Dalou, born in Paris on 31 December 1838 and died in the same city on 15 April 1902 , was a French sculptor.

Biography

Dalou bust by Auguste Rodin

Dalou was born into a family of craftsmen glovers. His parents Protestants raise it in the secular and the love of the Republic.

A gifted child for the arts

Aim-Jules Dalou showed very young donations for modeling and design, which earned him the attention of Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux , which ushered in 1852 at the Little School, a future National School of Decorative Arts , where he studied with Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran. There he became friends with Auguste Rodin.

In 1854 he was admitted to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris where he studied painting in the workshop of Abel de Pujol and sculpture in the workshop of Duret . He conceived of resentment against official art institutions.

He presented at the Salon of 1869 a Daphnis and Chloe and the Salon of 1870 The Embroiderer. These two parts will be acquired by the government .

During those dark years of training, Dalou Vuillier married Irma, a woman of strong character who will support all his life. The couple have a child, Deanna, a girl born with a mental disability which required until his death in the First World War, the presence alongside him of a responsible adult. That is why Dalou bequeathed to his studio the Orphanage for the Arts, and researchers currently have over 300 works purchased by the city of Paris at the orphanage in 1905.

The Paris Commune

Lying to Victor Black , Pere Lachaise Cemetery

.

The Franco-German conflict disrupts the order of the Second Empire and the defeat of Sedan causes the proclamation of the Third Republic. Dalou engages in combat. It is found at 83 ^Battalion officer of Federated. March 18, 1871 , the Commune of Paris set up a government insurrection. Gustave Courbet that we just elected to the Federation of Artists of the Paris Commune, Dalou calls with him and had him appointed, interim assistant director the Louvre museum , alongside Barbet de Jouy , with the mission to protect the collections from vandalism. May 17, Dalou and his family, to carry out its monitoring, installed in the museum.

Exile Dalou

The Reader, circa 1871 - 1879, Muse du Petit Palais

In the aftermath of the Bloody Week of May 1871 , Dalou, his wife and daughter are threatened as Communards, forced into exile and seek asylum. On 6 July the same year, they will join the England and be greeted by his former classmate of the Little School, painter and etcher Alphonse Legros. In London the first years were difficult but through the kind assistance afforded to it by Legros, very introduced in the City, he made a series of terracotta statues inspired by the peasant Boulonnaise or intimate topics (reading light, Lullaby) and portraits of the English aristocracy. He receives an order for a public fountain called Charity near the Royal Exchange in London, and a monument dedicated to Queen Victoria's grandchildren located in the private chapel at Frogmore in Windsor Castle. At the end of 1874 Dalou finds a job as professor of sculpture at the National Art Training School. His influence will be crucial to the British sculptors of the New Sculpture.
During this exile, the French government chooses to send the bronze in 1876 in The Embroiderer's official selection of France for the International Exhibition of Philadelphia. But despite all the proposals made to him by his English counterparts, he refuses to expose in the English section of the Salon in France, not wanting to be hosted by a foreign flag in his own country.

On 1 May 1874, the ^3rd War Council of Paris had condemned to penal servitude for life in absentia for his duties as an officer in the Commune and its associate post at the Louvre. Having refused to seek grace, it was not until May 1879 after being pardoned by President Jules Grevy Dalou and that his family finally return from exile.

Back in France: a public artist

The Triumph of the Republic (1899), Place de la Nation

Dalou returns to France after having competed for a monumental statue of the Republic aimed at the Republic Square in Paris. Sending Dalou does not meet the required criteria, the jury finally chose the project of brothers Morice. But his group The Triumph of the Republic is controlled by the municipality to be erected on the Place du Trone, famous Place de la Nation in 1880. Dalou devoted twenty years to the creation of this monument.

The years 1881 and 1882 were difficult during this period he resumed activity as a sculptor and decorator decorator for Cruchet. But the Salon of 1883 finally revealed to the French public. It highlights the casts of both high relief: The Brotherhood of Peoples (also known as the Republic) Mirabeau and Dreux-Breze meeting for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor. Today the marble of the brotherhood of peoples is preserved in the reserves of the Petit Palais and the bronze Mirabeau answering Dreux-Breze, acquired by the state, is placed in the room Casimir-Perier in the Chamber of Deputies.

The Triumph of Silenus, Jardin du Luxembourg

Fleeing the world and living in families, Dalou engages in considerable work. In homage to the painter whose work he admires, he runs the monument of Eugene Delacroix , Jardin du Luxembourg (1890). He realizes the monuments of Alphand , Avenue Foch (1891-1896, opened in 1899), Boussingault in the School of Arts and Crafts (1895), Jean Leclaire Epinettes the square in Paris (1896), of Charles Floquet in Pre Lachaise (1897), of Sidi Brahim in Oran (1898), of Lazare Hoche at Quiberon (1902). He worked on a project of monument to Victor Hugo in the Pantheon (1886), a project of monument to Justice for the Palais Bourbon (1892), and a proposed monument for the Pantheon Speakers (1896-1898), every three unrealized.

He commands the effigies of Auguste Blanqui (1885) and Victor Black (1890), the bronze medallion of Charles Amouroux (1885) visible at the Pere Lachaise Cemetery.

Bacchanal of the Fountain Garden greenhouses of Auteuil

It makes us feel full of admiration for the painting of Rubens in his group's Triumph of Silenus placed in the Jardin du Luxembourg (1885). The City of Paris commissioned a statue of Antoine Lavoisier in the auditorium of the Sorbonne (1887), the fountain of the Bacchanal Garden greenhouses of Auteuil (1895-1898), the statue of Song to Hall City of Paris , which reproduces the features of the singer Yvette Guilbert (1895).

Bust of Jean Gigoux ( Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology of Besancon ).

Among the many busts he produced after his return to France, one can mention those of Charcot (1884), Augustus Vacquerie (1885), Henri Rochefort (1888), Gustave Courbet (1890), Albert Liouville (1890), Miss Gilardi (1890), Ernest Cresson (1897), Paul Richer (1900), Jean Gigoux (1900), and Marie Lawrence (unfinished, 1901).

For the Universal Exhibition of 1889, known as the Centennial Exhibition was inaugurated at the Place de la Nation on plaster (tinted bronze) The group's allegorical triumph of the Republic ordered by the City of Paris in 1879. Although the bronze version of the group was inaugurated in 1899 , this sculpture Dalou earned the Grand Prize of Sculpture Exhibition.

Dalou, who had left the Society of French Artists in 1890, since then exhibited at the National Society of Fine Arts where he was a founding member with Meissonier , Rodin and Puvis de Chavannes.

Named Chevalier de la Legion d'Honneur in 1883, then officer by President Carnot in 1889, he was made a Commander of the Order in 1899 by President Loubet at the inauguration of his monument of the Triumph of the Republic.

The Monument to Workers

Sketches for the monument to the workers, Museum Petit Palais

Sketch for the Workers Memorial Museum, the Petit Palais

It will not have time to complete his last great project, a monument to the workers (or monument to workers), whose idea came to him in 1889 after the first inauguration of the Triumph of the Republic. The formality of the ceremony and military parades were taking the people away from this official event. Dalou had been disappointed. True to his republican ideal, it was hoped that this inauguration is an opportunity for a big party and democratic (it was at the inauguration of the bronze in 1899). His idea was to make a tribute to the world of workers, artisans and peasants by dedicating this work, they constitute the central subject. At the end of his career, he described this project as follows : "I think I finally found the monument to the workers I am looking for since 1889. The general provision would Badge of Priapus , God of Gardens, an emblem of the establishment of the terminal, the birthplace and grave of the poor, then the pipe factory, a prison where his life is going. Sober, without molding or ornament, I wish he did serious and imposing appearance, if possible, that the subject entails. The Do-I? That is the question. I am old and my health is much more stupid. " The numerous sketches of the monument found in his studio after his death are now kept at the Petit Palais. The statue of the Great Farmer ( Muse d'Orsay ) prefigures, on a smaller scale, the characters he planned to place in the sixteen niches surrounding the column, all of which measure 32 meters high.

Posthumous Works

After his death, Camille Lefevre ended Monument Gambetta in Bordeaux (1904) and runs from the sketches of the monument Dalou Emile Levassor , also known as Monument Motorist, Porte Maillot (1907). The monument of Scheurer-Kestner was completed by practitioners Dalou from the plaster models to scale figures that are run entirely by the hand of the artist. This monument was inaugurated in 1908 at the Jardin du Luxembourg.

Dalou buried in Montparnasse cemetery.

Monumental works

Scheurer-Kestner monument in the Jardin du Luxembourg in Paris

• The Fraternity of Peoples, high-relief plaster ( 1883 ) in the wedding room of the town hall of 10th arrondissement of Paris.
• Mirabeau answering Dreux-Breze, high-relief bronze ( 1883 ), Salle Casimir-Perier in the Palais Bourbon.
• Tombstone of Auguste Blanqui ( 1885 ) in the cemetery of Pre-Lachaise.
• Monument to Eugene Delacroix ( 1890 ), the Jardin du Luxembourg.
• Tomb of Victor Black ( 1891 ) in the cemetery of Pere-Lachaise.
• Monument to Jean-Baptiste Boussingault inaugurated in the courtyard of the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers in 1895 , then dismantled rrig the CNAM of La Plaine Saint-Denis .
• Monument to Sidi Brahim ( 1896 ), to Oran .
• Monument to John Leclaire ( 1896 ), square of spruce .
• Monument to Eugene Delacroix ( 1898 ) at Saint-Maurice , destroyed by the municipality in 1998 ^, .
• The Triumph of the Republic ( 1899 ) monumental bronze group of the Place de la Nation in Paris.
• Monument to Jean-Charles Alphand ( 1899 ) made with the architect Jean Camille Formig situated between numbers 17 and 22 of the Avenue Foch.
• Monument Lazare Hoche , opened in 1902 , at Quiberon. The model of the plaster statue is in the Pantheon.
• Monument to Gambetta , alleys Tourny in Bordeaux , awarded to the city in 1904 , opened in 1905 , dismantled in 1961 .
• Monument to Emile Levassor , opened in 1907 at the entrance of the Bois de Boulogne , moved in 1972 in the Square Ren-Alexander-and-Parodi , boulevard de l'Amiral-Bruix.
• Monument to Scheurer-Kestner , opened in 1908 , the Luxembourg Gardens.

Works by various

The workshop Dalou to 1902-1905

• Entire studio collection of Dalou was acquired in 1905 by the Muse du Petit Palais in Paris.
• Fame, 1886, bronze, Bayonne, Musee Bonnat
• At the Muse d'Orsay , Paris:

Woman Reading, c. 1875, terracotta
Naked woman in an armchair reading, 1878, bronze
Grand Peasant, bronze
Standing worker holding a spade, bronze
Cooper with ropes, bronze
Rebatteur forged, bronze

• Facades of the hotel at Menier Parc Monceau.
• Statue Lavoisier Blaye-les-Mines.

Tributes

The workshop in 1899 Dalou

A street in Paris (the street Dalou ) of Toulouse , of Perpignan , in Bziers , of La Rochelle , of Malakoff , from Brive-la-Gaillarde , of Evry and Vitry-sur-Seine bear his name.

Bibliography

• Maurice Dreyfous, Dalou, his life and his work, Paris, Laurens, 1903
• Adolphe Giraudon, Catalogue of the works of Jules Dalou, catalog No. 18, Library Photo A. Giraudon, Chartres, 1904.
• Stanislas Lami , Dictionnaire des sculptors of the French School in the nineteenth ^century, Paris, 1914-1921, 4 vols.
• Henriette Caillaux , Aim-Jules Dalou Man - The work, Paris, Delagrave, 1935
• Connaissance des Arts , ^No. 147, Dalou rescued from oblivion, May 1964
• Jacques Ginepro, Dalou or naturalism in sculpture, in the stamp , ^No. 146, June 1982
• Theresa Burolet, Two deep sculptures of the Museum of the Petit Palais Dalou and Carrie, in the sculpture of the nineteenth ^century, Paris, 1986. Dating from the Ecole du Louvre.
• The Eye , ^No. 383, June 1987
• Pierre Cadet, editing works by the House of Dalou Susse, in Gazette des Beaux-Arts , February 1994, Volume 126
• Catalog, to Rodin sculptures by Carpeaux, Museum Despiau-Wlrick , 23 June 2000 , Mont-de-Marsan
• Bertrand Tillier, La Commune de Paris, revolution without pictures?, Ed.Champ Vallon, 2004.
• Journal Europe , March 2006, ^No. 923, "Dalou, and effigies of the dead", pages 327-338
• Amelie Simier, Daniel Imbert, Gunola Groud, Dalou in Paris, ed. Paris Muses, 2010 ( ISBN 978-2-7596-0121-9 ).

References

External Links

• Dalou works listed by the photographic agency of the NMR
• Works and biography of Dalou
• Aim-Jules Dalou (Heritage Museum Quiberon)

• Portal sculpture
• Portal of France in the nineteenth ^century
• Gateway to the History of Art

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