Abu Ubayd Ibn Al Djarrah

Abu `Ubayd ibn al-Jarrah is a companion of Muhammad ( 581 - 639 ).

This is one of ten Muslims who Muhammad gave the assurance that they would go to paradise. He killed his father during a battle while it was in the ranks of the polytheists. He commanded the army during the Muslim conquest of Syria.

Biography

During the life of Muhammad

Abu `Ubayd was born in 581. It is part of a merchant family clan Quraysh in Mecca. In 611 , Muhammad began preaching Islam in Mecca. He began to convert his family. Abu `Ubayd was converted shortly after Abu Bakr at the same time that Umar making it one of the earliest Muslims. No one else in her family was converted. He was subjected to humiliation of all.

Abu `Ubayd was among the hundreds of new converts to Islam, forced into exile in Ethiopia (Abyssinia) ( 615 ). The opponents of Islam Quraysh sent an embassy to the King of Ethiopia to expel the refugees. The Negus refused to expel refugees and rejected the gifts offered by the Quraysh. Rather the Negus invited Muslims to come and compare the merits of Christianity and Islam ..

During this time Muhammad stayed in Mecca has undergone all sorts of pressures. This is where Tabari is the famous episode of "The Satanic Verses . Some of them exiles, including Abu Bakr, then returned to Mecca but most have joined Muhammad after the conquest of Khaybar in 629 after the Hijra.

Battle of Badr

His paracide is told in a "biography" of Abu `Ubayd ibn al-Jarrah. It would have taken place during the Battle of Badr in 624. This episode is mentioned neither in Tabari , The Chronicle nor William Muir , The Life of Muhammad.

"One of the biggest events he faced took place during the Battle of Badr. She was so crucial that it goes beyond human comprehension. Hazrat `Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah went on in the middle of the battlefield carving his path. People were running here and there at random. Every time he walked toward a man on horseback, his people made him a passage, but it was the only man he wanted to compete and try to attack .. When Hazrat Abu Ubaida `bin Al-Jarrah realized that this person was his father he was stunned and shocked. Hazrat `Ubaida bin Al-Jarrah was forced to attack and he was removed from the surface of the earth. Nothing was impossible for such people in Islam, nothing could stop them from believing in the unity of God and His beloved Messenger Muhammad . "

Battle of `Uhud

During the Battle of Uhud ` in 625 , Mohammed received a blow on sword fell from his horse and could not recover because of his injuries and the weight of his armor. It even happened to death in the eyes of some. The wounded man was put away. The news of his survival spread throughout the ranks of the Muslim army reviving the ardor of the combatants. Once set free, the first care of the companions of Muhammad was to remove his helmet. Two of her rings were so embodied in his cheek, that Abu `Ubayd al-Jarrah had to extract them with his mouth and lost two teeth in the operation. The blood spurted from the wounds of the Prophet, `Ali brought water but Mohammed could only rinse their mouth. He took the helmet and joined the fighters Kab .

Until the capture of Mecca

In 627, Abu `Ubayd al-Jarrah was in the Battle of the Ditch and the massacre of the Banu Qurayza.

In 628, he participated in the Treaty of Hudaybiya and was one of the witnesses . The same year he participated in the expedition of Khaybar.

After the battle of Mu'ta

The Battle of Mu'ta took place in September 629 . This was the first clash between Muslims and the Byzantine Empire. Muhammad had remained in Medina and the battle was very hard for Muslims. During this battle, Khalid ibn al-Walid , who converted to Islam recently allowed the Muslims to retreat strategically with minimal losses. This earned him the title "unsheathed sword of God . "

Muhammad's prestige has suffered greatly from this setback

The expedition "leaves" or "fish"

In November 629 , Muhammad gave Abu `Ubayd al-Jarrah the command of an expedition against the Banu Juhayna who lived near the sea Muslims are lost and ran out of food. At first they were content to suck on some dates but when they ran out they in turn were reduced to shaking trees to chew the leaves. God came to the rescue of stranded astray by a fish so huge that Muslims could eat them for several days. Then there was the flesh of an animal named `anbar who fed everyone for fifteen days. Finally they fed camels and returned to Medina without fighting .

Death of Muhammad

On the death of the prophet ( 632 ) Abu `Ubayd was briefly one of the candidates proposed under caliph Umar , 'Ali and Abu Bakr , who was finally chosen .

Reign of Abu Bakr

In 634, Abu `Ubayd headed for Syria at the head of an army of volunteers made reinforcements recently arrived in Medina. This invading army that would soon have 24,000 men, consisted of Bedouin tribes choosing their leader. It consisted of four corps. Abu `Ubayd commanded one of them. The Emperor of Byzantium, for lack of finance could not pay the usual subsidies to Arab tribes responsible for protecting its borders. The entry of Muslim troops in Syria has been facilitated. The Syrian people remained spectators of the Muslim invasion.

Abu Bakr was assigned a province to each of his generals: Abu `Ubayd had been the province of Homs (Hims). Yazid bin Abi Sufyan received Damascus. `Amr ibn al-` Aas of Palestine (Filistin). The Jordan (Urdun) returned to Churahbil bin Hasan. Finding himself before an army of 150 to 200 000 men and four generals wrote to Abu Bakr who asked Khalid ibn al-Walid to come to their aid. Kalid took the lead and Muslim troops massed on the banks of the River Yarmuk.

Reign of Umar

Upon taking office the Caliph Umar who blames and opposed Khalid ibn al-Walid during the caliphate of Abu Bakr, changed his army chief, replacing the winner of the Battle of Yarmuk , by Abu `Ubayd ibn al-Jarrah Khalid who kept at his side.

Taking of Damascus

The Byzantine armies were in Damascus and Emesa ( Homs ), where the emperor Heraclius stood back. The siege of Damascus lasted several months (two to six depending on version). War machines have been used to send missiles at people. Damascus finally get to delivering half his wealth to the Muslim troops (January 635 635 or September ). The Byzantine emperor withdrew to Antioch ( Antakya ). In 637 Abu `Ubayd takes Baysan , Tiberias and Fahil. Southern Syria was so completely under the control of Muslims.

Conquest of the cities of Syria

Abu `Ubayd was ordered to take possession of Emesa ( Homs ). The Romans strengthened the fortifications and an army led by Heraclius moved to Antioch ( Antakya , Turkey) to Edessa ( Urfa in Turkey) for help if necessary Emesa. The siege began in the winter of Emesa. It is an earthquake that aided the Muslims in collapsing part of the fortifications.

There were two towns to take: Chalcis ( Hadir Qinnasrn or al-`Iss Syria) and Caesarea (Caesarea in Palestine). Chalcis is the earliest it was conquered first ( 636 ).

Second Battle of Emesa

Throughout the ^17th year of the Hegira ( 638 ), there was no campaign of conquest because Muslims were engaged in the construction of Kufa. Part of the Christian population of Iraq had led to Emesa to rejoin the Byzantines. There was an army of over 100,000 men under the walls of Emesa. Abu `Ubayd immediately called for reinforcements. Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan came to Damascus Mu `awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan came to Caesarea and Khalid ibn al-Walid remained at Chalcis to raise an army in waiting for reinforcements from Iraq. Khalid bin Walid finally arrived and he advised Abu `Ubayd attempting an exit. A four-day battle ensued. 3000 Byzantine were taken prisoners. Three days after this battle the army finally arrived in Iraq .

Death of Abu `Ubayd

A plague ravaged Syria and especially the town of Emmaus.

Umar who was headed toward the region of Syria, was informed of this epidemic. After consulting with various companions, he decided to turn back to Madinah. Abu Ubayd told him: "Flee you destiny written by God? 'Umar replied: "Yes, we run the destiny written by God to go to the destiny written by God. Look, if your camels went into a valley that has two hills and you was leading them to graze in the fertile hill, you'd do by destiny written by God. And if you was leading them to graze in the dry hill, you might as written by destiny by God "

This epidemic was, however, two significant victims: Abu `Ubayd and Yazid bin Abi Sufyan ( 639 ) .

Note

Abu Obeida al-Jarrah, was the name taken by a leader of the force in favor of Hamas , which accuses Fatah of serving the interests of Israel , and said that the Israeli attacks on their bases are a declaration of war.

References

• (In) This article is partially or entirely from the article in English entitled " Abu `Ubayd ibn al-Jarrah (see the list of authors )

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