Abu Hanifa
Naked man ibn Thabit ibn ibn Zua marzubn ( Arabic : ), better known by his Abu Hanifah ( ) (767-702) was a famous Muslim jurist and founder of the Hanafi school of Muslim law.
It is sometimes referred to as the "Greatest Imam "(al-Imam al-A'zam, ar. ).
Summary |
Biography
The family of Abu Hanifa was from the "Iraq-al Adjame (current western Iran), she had migrated to Kufa in Iraq when Abu Hanifa was born. His father, Thabit bin Zuta , a Kabul shopkeeper who converted to Islam during the time of Rashidun , was 40 when her son was born , such as Ja'far al-Sadiq or Imam Malik during his many trips that were intended to improve his knowledge.
It is well established that Abu Hanifa's knowledge primarily obtained his master Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman , who succeeded Ibrahim year-Nakha'i , who succeeded his uncle , Alqamah ibn Qays an-Nakha'i , who succeeded Abdullah ibn Mas' ud sent to Kufa by the second Caliph of Islam Umar ibn al-Khattab .
He studied for 18 years under the direction of Hammad, and although he became qualified to teach it remained his humble student until his death in 742, where Abu Hanifa said the torch at the age of 40 years. It was also his lectures at the same location as its predecessors since Abdullah ibn Mas'ud.
He had a unique teaching method that was based on the Shura. Faced with a legal question, he did not answer the question directly but exposed to his disciples so that everyone has a solution argued. Then he commented about the latter, in correcting what deserved to be, and finally, after discussion, it showed different aspects of the problem and then only gave answers that were then recorded. This interactive approach is the hallmark of his school.
Abu Hanifa was helping students financially at times, including his faithful disciple and successor Abu Yusuf.
In 763 , al-Mansur the second Abbasid monarch offered him the post of State Supreme Judge ( Qadi Al-Qadat), he declined his offer and his student Abu Yusuf was placed there. A little before Ibn Houberah , governor of Kufa also offered him the post of qadi, Abu Hanifah also refused .
It is reported that in response to Al Mansur, Abu Hanifa replied that he felt no match for the position and Al Mansour, knowing why he had offered the job, was angry and accused of lying. What Abu Hanifa said: "If you speak the truth (that is to say about the fact that I'm a liar), then obviously I am not qualified for the position of judge. And if c It is I who am in truth, then I confirm that I am incompetent. "
Enraged by his answer, the king had him arrested, imprisoned and tortured , . Even in prison, the indomitable jurist continued to teach those who were allowed to see.
Abu Hanifa Thus died on 11 Jumdah Al-Ula 150 AH (June 14, 767 ) in prison. It is said that so many people attended his funeral prayer ( Janazah ) - nearly 50,000 - it due to be repeated 6 times before burying.
Later, the Abu Hanifa mosque was built in his honor in the neighborhood of Al A'dhamiyah Baghdad.
Status of Tabi `i
Abu Hanifa is thus born 67 years after Muhammad's death, when some of his companions ( sahaba ), such as Anas Ibn Malik (d. 97 AH ) or Abut Tufail Amir bin Wathilah (d. 100 AH ) were still alive, or when Abu Hanifa was 20. The `Ulema differ as to whether the hadith transmitted directly from the sahaba, although it is stated that he met Anas bin Malik.
The author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected books of biographies names of sahaba Abu Hanifa which reported the hadith and counted to 16: Anas ibn Malik, Abdullah ibn Anis al-Juhani, Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Juz ' al-Zabid, Jabir ibn Abdullah, Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa, Wa'il ibn al-Aqsa `Ma` qal ibn Yasar, Abu `Amir ibn Tufail Wathila,` A'isha bint Hajrad, Sahl ibn Sa `d al- Tha'ib ibn Khallad ibn Suwaidi, Al-Yazid ibn Tha'ib Sa `id ibn Abdullah ibn Samra, Mahmud ibn al-Rabi` Abdullah ibn Ja `far, and Abu Umaamah.
One of the hadith he passed through Anas ibn Malik : "Seek knowledge is the duty of every Muslim" .
The Hanafi school
Abu Hanifa is the first to have "established a legal order based on an interpretation of the sources used in human trial ( Ra'y Arab ), not to substitute for revelation, but to work more Full sources revealed. His method is not just exegetical, but speculative " . In other words, under the Sharia , the Hanafi school admits the personal opinion of the judge, also known as the "prime trial (istihsan, ar. ), when the fundamental traditional sources ( Qur'an, Sunnah, ijma 'opinions of Sahabah and qiyas) do not solve a case. This, and the resulting decision, however, must "be based widening of the third source of law, qiyas , or analogical reasoning " .
This school is also known to discuss the hypothetical problems of fiqh , referred to can solve a problem before it arises. The Hanafi and was appointed the Ahl ar Ra'y.
We ready to hurt this school a distance to the science of Hadith that Abu Hanifah was the fact incompetent in this field, or his status in the science of hadith is attested by many scholars , .
Among the best-known followers of Abu Hanifa, are Abu Yusuf , Ibn al-Zufar Hudhayl and Muhammad Al-Chaybn , the latter being the author of the book Great (Al-Jami Al-Kabir) traditions of the imam, and who will then meet with the Imam al-Shafi'i.
The Hanafi school has inspired legal systems of the Abbasids , the Seljuks and the Ottoman Empire. She is now the dominant rite in non-Arabic Muslim ( Turkey , Balkans , Central Asia and much of the Indian subcontinent ).
His works
- Kitaab-ul-Aathaar compiled by his two students Muhammad al-Shaybani and Abu Yusuf and containing nearly 70 000 hadiths.
- Al-Fiqh al-Akbar. The allocation of this book on Abu Hanifa is disputed by some Hanafi and other .
Quotes
- Al-Shafi'i said: "For the fiqh, people depend on .
- A Hadith reported by Abu Houreirah saying that if the Pleiades reached the faith
- An-Nadir Ibn Shumayl said: "People were asleep, ignoring the fiqh, Abu Hanifa until the awakened by what he said and presentation Notes
- M. Hadi Hussain, Imam Abu Hanifah. Life and work (Franais translation of 'Allamah Shibli Nu'man's Sirat-i-Nu'man), Lahore, Institute of Islamic Culture, 1972, p. 12.
- Al Khayrat ul Jassan
- Tahdheeb ul Kamal
- M. Hadi Hussain, op.cit., P. 16. Some authors assure that Abu Hanifa had collected the traditions of the Companions of Muhammad
- a and b Abu Hanifah (ra) would he been punished severely by the Caliph of his time? "
- Ya'qubi , vol.lll, p.86; Muruj al-Dhahabi, vol.lll, p.268-270
- (en) Upholding The Imam Abu Hanifa Opinion That WAS One Of The Tabi `in
- Louis Milliot, Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law, Paris, Sirey, 1953, p. 12.
- Louis Gardet, Islam, religion and community, Descle de Brouwer, 1970, p. 190.
- The status of Imam Abu Hanifah ra in the science of Hadith
- The status of Imam Abu Hanifah ra in the science of Hadith (2)
- M. Hadi Hussain, op. cit., pp. 91-92. The author stresses that it is difficult to ensure that all the hadith recorded in this book have been authenticated by Imam
- Tadkhirat ul Huffaz of Imam Dhahabi
- Tabyeed al-Sahifa page 403, " "
See also
External Links
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